Balancing Consumer Concerns

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Balancing Consumer Concerns With Producers
Capacity Melaka Experience Sustainable Water
Resources
Presented by Ir Mohd Khalid bin Hj
Nasir Syarikat Air Melaka Berhad
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• 1.0 Introduction
• History of water supply in Malacca
• 2.0 Catchments Area
• 3.0 Challenges
• Population Industrial Growth
• Pollution (Industrial Pollution, Sand Mining, Pig
  Farming Agriculture Activities)
• Climate Change (Season Wet Dry)
• 4.0 Impact
• Water Scarcity Water crisis at 1991 and 2002
• 5.0 Solving Problem Issues
• Surface Water Capture and Storage
• Long Distance Conveyance Inter-Basin Transfer
• Watershed Management
• Pollution Control
• Strategic Planning
• 6.0 CONCLUSION

OUTLINE
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INTRODUCTION
AYER KEROH DAM THE FIRST DAM IN MELAKA
- Constructed on 1898
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INTRODUCTION History of water supply in Melaka
1893 - Formation of Melaka Water Works 1898
- Construction of Ayer Keroh Dam 1900 - Piped
Water to Melaka Town 1925 - Construction of
Asahan Dam 1927 - Asahan Piped Water to Melaka
Town 1956 - Construction of Bukit Sebukor
Plant 1971 - Construction of Duyong Plant 1972
- Lembaga Air Melaka (LAM) 1993 -
Perbadanan Air Melaka (PAM) 2006 - Syarikat Air
Melaka Berhad(SAMB)
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INTRODUCTION History of water supply in Melaka

• SAMB is the water operator for Melaka and is
  responsible for the treatment and distribution of
  water services in the state. It is under
  concession of the state under the Corporation
  Agreement and Enactment 2004.
• Responsibilities are
• Meeting water demand
• Extraction of raw water
• Operation water treatment plant
• Water distribution
• Meter reading, billing and collections
• Consumer services

SAMB
SG MELAKA
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Catchments AREA
TIDAL GATE DURIAN TUNGGAL
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Catchments AREA
Major Rivers and Tributaries of Sg. Melaka
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CATCHMENTs AREA
Major Rivers and Tributaries of Sg. Kesang
Catchments area Sg Kesang
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CHALLENGES
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POLLUTION
POPULATION INDUSTRIAL GROWTH
CHALLENGES
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CLIMATE CHANGE
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CHALLENGES Supply Demand
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Note Data for one month (SAMB)
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CHALLENGES Supply Demand from 2000 - 2050
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CHALLENGES POLLUTION
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• The main sources of raw water pollution are
• Industrial pollution discharge from industrial
  effluent, sewage treatment plant effluent,
  domestic commercial waste.
• Sand mining (Melaka Batang Melaka Bkt
  Senggeh, Negeri Sembilan Keru)
• Pig farming untreated effluents
• Agriculture activities

Industrial effluent
Sand mining
Pig Farming
Agriculture activities
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CHALLENGES POLLUTION SAND MINING

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Sand Mining
Outlet from Sediment Bunded Storage
Location for sand cleaning
Bunded Storage for sedimentation

Kg Melaka Pindah, Melaka
Kg Hulu Pondoi, Negeri Sembilan



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CHALLENGES POLLUTION Agriculture activities
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Low pH value at Sg. Kesang (pH 2 - 5) Due to
agriculture activities
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CHALLENGES POLLUTION Industrial pollution
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SANITARY LANDFILL SITE AT KG. KERU, NEGERI
SEMBILAN
OUTLET FROM AN INDUSTRY AT GUNUNG MAS, NEGERI
SEMBILAN
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CHALLENGES PIG FARMING
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Site visit by Vice Chairman SAMB at Kg Rim Jasin
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CHALLENGES CLIMATE CHANGE
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• Wet season
• Raw water quality change from Class II to Class
  III
• ii) Dry season
• River yield very minimum. Occurance Jan March
  and
• July Sept.
• Raw water quality change due to discharge from
  domestic waste, industrial effluent and sewage
  effluent.

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CHALLENGES CLIMATE CHANGE
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Dry Season
Sungai Kesang (Intake Loji Chin-Chin)
Sungai Kesang
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CHALLENGES CLIMATE CHANGE
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Wet Season
Tidalgate at Sg Melaka, Durian Tunggal
Inlet Chute at Intake Durian Tunggal
Sungai Melaka
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CHALLENGES CLIMATE CHANGE
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Impact

• Short term problem
• Shutdown water treatment plant
• Long term problem
• Water crisis Jan April 1991 14 24 March
  2002

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Impact
Long term problem
Water Crisis
Durian Tunggal Dam during drought season (1991)
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Impact
Long term problem

• Water crisis in the state of Melaka occur
  twice in the past 16 years
• i. from Jan to April 1991
• ii. from 14 March to 24 March 2002
• All three (3) districts Melaka Tengah, Alor
  Gajah and Jasin are affected
• Approximately more than 650,000 consumers
  suffers shortage of potable water

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River Flow Characteristic
IMPACT Water Crisis
Long term problem
Average Daily Flow through in Sg. Melaka at
Pantai Belimbing in 2002 (Stn 2322413)
Average Daily Flow through Sg. Durian Tunggal at
Batu 11 in 2002 (Stn 2322415)
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Sumber dataKajian Pencegahan Pencemaran
Peningkatan Kualiti Air Sg Melaka, Di Melaka
Progress Report No. 2, March 2004
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PICTURES 1991 WATER CRISIS
IMPACT Water Crisis
Long term problem
Raw water pumping system from Sungai Chohong to
Sungai Chin Chin
Raw water pumping system from Sungai Tampin to
Gadek Water Treatment Plant
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IMPACT Water Crisis
PICTURESContinued 1991 Water Crisis
Long term problem
Raw water pumping system from Sungai Duyung to
the old Duyung Water Treatment Plant
Transfer raw water from Sg Linggi at Seremban to
outfall Sg Tanjung Rimau through PETRONAS gas
pipe line.(approximately 50 km)
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IMPACT Water Crisis
PICTURESContinued 1991 Water Crisis
Long term problem
Diesel pumpset installation for transfering raw
water from Sg Padang Kambing to Sungai Melaka
Durian Tunggal Dam during drought season in 1991
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IMPACT Water Crisis
PICTURESContinued 1991 Water Crisis
Long term problem
Taman Merdeka Pond pumpset installation
Recommissiong Ayer Keroh Treatment Plant
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IMPACT Water Crisis
PICTURES 2002 WATER CRISIS
Long term problem
Kesang Pond I
Kesang Pond II
Chin Chin Lake Transfer
Ayer Keroh Lake Transfer
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IMPACT Water Crisis

• PICTURES
• WATER CRISIS
• Continued

Long term problem
Site visit by Melaka Chief Minister at Sg Siput
Water Treatment Plant during crisis
Site visit by Melaka Chief Minister at Grisek
Pump House
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SOLVING PROBLEM ISSUEs
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Schematic Diagram of Melaka Inter-Basin Raw Water
Transfer
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9
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4
7
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Raw Water Sources

• Sungai Melaka
• Sungai Muar
• Sg Kesang
• Bunded Storage
• Durian Tunggal Dam
• Jus Dam
• Ayer Keroh Dam

Durian Tunggal Dam
Jus Dam
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Sungai Melaka
Sg. Melaka

• Main raw water source
• Catchments area of 505 km2
• Regulated by other raw water sources
• (dams)
• Pumped by DT pumping station to Loji
• Bertam I II at max 181 MLD
• Refill DT Dam through bunded storage at
• max 145 MLD

DT Pumping Station
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Solving Problem Issue Surface water capture and
storage
Durian Tunggal Dam
Durian Tunggal Dam

• Completed in 1974 and expanded in 1992
• Gross storage of 32,561 ML
• Initially built to regulate Sungai Melaka
• Dam height 26m and crest length of 285m
• Receives water from Sungai Muar and
• rainfall
• Also receives raw water from Bunded
• Storage during high river level at Sg Melaka.
• Pumps to Loji Bertam DAF at max 109 MLD
• Used to fill up Jus Dam at 100 MLD
• Sends raw water to Bunded Storage DT intake
• when necessary

Draw-off Tower
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Solving Problem Issue Surface water capture and
storage
Bunded Storage
Bunded Storage

• Constructed after water crisis in 1991
• To refill DT Dam
• Collects excess flows from Sungai Melaka
• Gross storage of 849 ML
• Pumping capacity of 145 MLD to DT Dam
• Draws water from DT Dam through siphon
• pipeline whenever necessary
• Raw water source for Loji Bukit Sebukor

Concrete Chute
Siphon pipeline
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Solving Problem Issue Surface water capture and
storage
Solving Problem Issue Surface water capture and
storage
Jus Dam
Jus Dam
Machap Pumping Station
Machap Pumping Station

• Completed in 2003 with gross storage of 44,946
  ML
• Dam height of 30m and crest length of 1300m
• Main purpose is to regulate Sg. Kesang and
• Sg. Batang Melaka
• Regulates Sg. Batang Melaka - Loji Gadek
• Regulates Sg. Kesang Loji Merlimau Loji Chin
  Chin
• through Selandar Outfall

Draw-off Tower
Jus Dam aerial view
Jus Dam aerial view
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Solving Problem Issue Long distance conveyance
inter-basin transfer
Sungai Muar

• Since 1991 to refill DT Dam
• Intake located at Grisek, Muar
• Built under two phases 1993 and 2003
• Phase I 109 MLD
• Phase II 109 MLD
• A total of max 218 MLD
• 70 km of 2 X 1150mm mild steel concrete
• pipelines
• Ability to transfer raw water direct to
• Loji Bertam I II.
• Ability to transfer raw water direct to
• Sg Kesang.

Sg. Muar
Inlet Channel
Inlet Channel
Grisek Pumping Stations
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Solving Problem Issue Surface water capture and
storage
Ayer Keroh Dam

• Completed in 1898 with gross storage of 0.3 Mm3
• Catchments area of 2 km2
• Dam height of 7 m and crest length of 120 m
• Main purpose is contingency supply to regulate
  Sg
• Durian Tunggal during drought season.

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• Solving Problem Issues
• Watershed management
• Gazette Catchments area

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Solving Problem IssuesWatershed
managementGazette Catchments area

• Catchments area at Melaka had been gazetted
• on 16 July 1992 in two areas
• Catchments area at Sungai Melaka 365 km2.
• ii. Catchments area at Sungai Kesang 305 km2.

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Status of Gazetted Catchments Area
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Solving Problem Issues

• Pollution control
• Sand mining require approval from a few agencies
  DOE,
• Local Authority, DID, SAMB and Land Office.
• Industrial waste enforcement under DOE
• Pig farming shutdown decided by MMKN, Melaka.

• Notes
• DOE - Department of Environment
• DID - Drainage Irrigation Department
• SAMB - Syarikat Air Melaka Berhad

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STRATEGIC planning
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CONCLUSION
The state of Melaka has no large river to
supplement water requirements. Therefore, it is
important that i) Inter-Basin transfer system
made available ii) Construction of project as per
strategic planning are carry out in the
future for sustainable of raw water and
meeting consumers need.
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THANK YOU