National University of Sciences

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National University of Sciences Technology

Arshad Ali, NUST, Pakistan 23-24 Oct 03
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Pakistan
CHINA
AFGHANISTAN
Abdus Salam
INDIA
IRAN
ARABIAN SEA
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Overview

• Developed Developing countries
• Essentials for national development
• National University of Sciences Technology
  (NUST)
• Research at NUST
• Research Performance Analysis
• Conclusion
• Recommendation

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Developed Countries

• A Developed Country (not necessarily a rich
  one) has gone, sometime in its past history,
  through the cycle
• improvements to its populations level of
  education
• progress in (and application of) science
  technology
• deployment of its own (and others) natural
  resources
• wealth generation through manufacture or
  services
• improvement to infrastructure (of education,
  industry, energy supply, services,
  communications)
• leading to competitivity and productivity, better
  social conditions and higher standard of living

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Developing Countries
Developing Countries

• A Developing Country (not necessarily a poor
  country) is in the process of deploying
• - its human resources (educated people)
• - its natural resources (prospecting, exploiting
  and transforming into higher-value items), and
• - its infrastructure (of education, health,
  industry, transport communications, water
  energy supply, environmental, etc) in order to
  make its economy more efficient and competitive

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Human Resources Talented and Educated People

• Talented people are born anywhere in the world
  they are not a privilege of developed countries!
• Talented people without education, however, will
  remain talented but uneducated people!
• Talented, but uneducated people
• will not contribute much to their countrys
  development
• some of them will even use their talents in a
  detrimental way

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Educated, not just Talented People
Maxwell, Thomson, Rutherford, Curie, Fermi,
Dirac, Einstein (physics), Watson, Crick
(biology), Mendeleev, Pauling (chemistry),
Fleming, Pasteur (medicine).have dramatically
changed our world through their research followed
by its technological applications
All these scientists were not just talented, they
were found to be talented as they were
educated!Therefore, without education their
talents would have been lost for the progress of
mankind!
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Natural Resources Infrastructure
Educated people are a necessary, but not a
sufficient condition for the development of a
country
It is only with educated people that a country
can develop its natural resources and
infrastructure, hence its industry
A countrys wealth thus depends on its educated
people producing items or a providing service -
commerce or just selling natural resources does
not produce wealth
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Best Capital Investment Country Talented and
Educated People
Japan is a striking example it was a poor island
nation with few natural resources and bad
infrastructure (as well as closed ports until the
late 19th century) - but Japan always had a
strong tradition for good education.
When Japan opened up in about 1880, it began
to complement the education of its most talented
people by sending them to study in developed
countries.
Some 30 years after its opening to the World
Japans navy destroyed the Russian fleet at
Tsushima. One generation later later, and (like
Germany) following its total destruction, Japan
(with less inhabitants than Pakistan) succeeded
to rebuild its country to become the second most
powerful economy on the globe
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Need of a Modern Infrastructure
Next to the need for educated people, a country
needs modern and competitive infrastructure and
proper tools as the working environment
An obsolete or decrepit infrastructure in
universities, institutes or hospitals, inadequate
equipment, poor communication networks, and to a
certain degree also low salaries etc. cause the
best scientists to migrate to better equipped
countries whilst the other scientists stay at
home
--gt A very negative Darwinistic process lt--
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The Negative Development Aid
A Developing Country with a poor infrastructure
(in particular in the area of science, research
and education) is often providing, free of
charge, its most talented people (whos
education it paid from its scarce resources) to
Developed Countries Therefore, investments in
education are wasted if no investments are also
made in the science, research and education
infrastructure ( salaries)
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Science cannot progress in Isolation
However, science has become rather complex, and
only very few scientists can make any progress in
isolation to limit the community of scientists
to a small group leads to common spiritual
poverty (A. Einstein) Most scientists in
isolation will soon cease to be scientists - as
such they will no longer be able to educate
younger talents, and their knowledge will
eventually have become obsolete. This was
recognized by Abdus Salam, and others when they
promoted institutions like the ICTP, .
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Help scientists from Developing Countries to work
at home
Governments should therefore make their best
effort to provide opportunities to its scientists
to work in their home country, and make it also
attractive for them work there. Governments
should also provide good communications with the
rest of the world In developing countries this
action is required by governments, as industry in
developing countries is usually not so much
interested to make large investments in science
unless the outcome promises substantial financial
returns
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International Basic Science Collaborations
At the same time, scientists must be also able to
collaborate with their colleagues from other
countries - as otherwise they would soon be out
of touch, i.e. they would become much less
useful (or quite useless) for the development of
their own country and there are plenty of
opportunities for international basic science
collaborations (CERN, FNAL, ICTP, GENOME etc
which are a good training ground - or an
opportunity to make a major contribution to
mankind
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SDH/PDH (525/622 Mb/s) backbone being upgraded to
DWDM 10 Gb/s

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Digital Divide in Pakistan
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Existing Problems

• Lack of good quality faculty
• Lack of scientific research resources and culture
  
• Poor ICT infrastructure within universities
• Poor library infrastructure
• Pockets of excellence in Research

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Case Study
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National University of Sciences Technology
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BACKGROUND

• NUST Established 1991
• NUST Awarded Charter 1993

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BASED ON DECENTRALIZED MULTI-CAMPUS CONCEPT
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NIIT
An Institute with a PROGRESSIVE
Vision
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PROGRAMS OFFERED

• Post Graduate Programs
• PhD
• MIT

• Under Graduate Programs
• BIT
• BICSE

Professional Courses
Contd.
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NUST-CERN Collaboration

• Dec 2000 CERN scientists visited NUST
  (Hafeez Hoorani, Ian Willers, Richard
  McClatchey)
• Feb 2001 WISDOM II Project started at NUST with
  CERN and University of West England (UWE) UK
• April 2001 Monalisa module development started
  with Caltech (Iosif Legrand)

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GRID Research Group at NUST
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Collaboration Projects

• Little Monalisa and Development for MonaLisa
  Auto-topology Discovery Module -- Caltech,
  USA
• IP Network Topology Discovery -- Caltech, USA
• Grid Enabled Analysis Application for Handheld
  Devices --Caltech, USA
• Java Based Claren Server for Physics Analysis --
  Caltech, USA
• Data Warehousing Services for Grid -- Caltech,
  USA
• Establishment of CMS Production Centre and LCG
  Grid deployment -- CMS CERN
• Integration of Agents and Web Services in
  Semantic Grid --Comtec Japan
• FIPA Compliant Multi Agent System -- Comtec Japan

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Grid analysis demo by Caltech, CERN, KEK
(Japan), Sinica (Taiwan), NUST (Pakistan), UERJ
(Rio de Janeiro), PUB (Bucharest).
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Performance Measures

• Need to look at measures of research group
  success to assess potential
• No of Research Students (MS/PhD Completed)
• Research Funding
• Research Papers Published

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Research Team
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
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Research Funding in USD

• Total 1.69 Mil USD
• Ms/PhD funding
• Students visits
• Lab equipment
• CERN fellowship
• PC-1 Govt of Pakistan

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Research Papers
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Current Status
Six students undergoing PhD studies (UWE, CERN,
KOREA) as continuation of their initial CERN
related research conducted at NUSTNine students
benefited from visits to CERNRich research
culture has been established at NUSTThe
knowledge gained is being applied in developing a
PTCL network monitoring application for real time
performance monitoring, fault reporting and
congestion controlA Grid enabled knowledge
management system being developed at NUST for
Medical Applications
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Conclusion

• Knowledge is expanding at an exponential rate
• Important to address the digital divide in an
  aggressive manner
• Failure will threaten peace and development to
  the humanity
• Scientific collaborations can play key role in
  bridging the digital divide

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Recommendation

• Developed countries scientists shall identify and
  form research collaboration partnership of mutual
  interest in developing countries
• ICTP or similar organization can keep the record
  of retiring Profs from developed countries,
  willing to spend some time with academic
  institutions in developing countries
• Help/support in building academic strength is
  much more beneficial than pledging money by
  international organizations
• World Bank/UN shall ensure that a good percentage
  of the loan / donation is spent on education by
  the developing countries

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Thanks

• Email arshad.ali_at_niit.edu.pk
• URL www.niit.edu.pk

Arshad Ali, NUST, Pakistan 23-24 Oct 03