Title: Participles: What are they?
1Participles What are they?
- Verb
- Can take an object
- Has tense and voice
- Tense relative to the main verb
- Adjective or substantive adj (noun)
- Can modify nouns must agree in case, , gender
- Decline
2Various participles in English
- Running
- run, having been run
- About, going to run
- About to be run, deserving/ fit to be run
3Participles Forms
Active Voice Passive Voice
Present Tense Present stem -ns, -ntis (gen) DNE or WDF (When Donkeys Fly)
Perfect Tense DNE or WDF (Does Not Exist) Part. Stem us,a,um
Future Tense Participial stem (4th principal part) urus,ura,urum Pres. Stem ndus,nda,ndum
4Present Active Participle
- Declines like a 3rd declension, two ending
adjective - In the ablative singular can end e or i (see
Wheelock footenote p148) - Expresses action at the same time as the main
verb - Translates as verb -ing
5Perfect Passive Participle
- The fourth principal part
- Declines like a 1-2 declension adjective
- Expresses actions prior to that of the main verb
- Translates as having been verb-ed
6Future Active Participle
- 4th principal part -urus, a, um
- Declines like a 1-2 declension adjective
- Expresses action after the main verb
- Translates as about/going to verb
7Future Passive Participle
- Formed off of present stem undus, a, um
- Declines as a 1-2 declension adjective
- Expresses action after main verb
- Translates as deserving/fit to be verb-ed
- Or about to be _______ed
8- Loving the girl,
- The poet writes a letter to her.
- The poet wrote a letter to her.
- The poet will write a letter to her.
9- Amans puellam,
- Poeta scibit litteras ei.
- Poeta scripsit litteras ei.
- Poeta scribet litteras ei.
10- Having loved the girl,
- The poet writes a letter to her.
- The poet wrote a letter to her.
- The poet will write a letter to her.
11- Amatus puellam,
- Poeta scibit litteras ei.
- Poeta scripsit litteras ei.
- Poeta scribet litteras ei.