Emission Inventories for Santiago, Chile

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Emission Inventories for Santiago, Chile

• Héctor Jorquera, Jaime Escobar, Julio Castro
• Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioprocesos
• Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
• Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile
• jorquera_at_ing.puc.cl, jcastrom_at_puc.cl,
  jescobar_at_ing.puc.cl

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Contents

• Technical Description of SAIE System
• A glance at EDB DICTUC 2000
• Current resources and needs
• Current research cooperation
• Example using CAMx January 2000
• Work in progress
• Conclusions

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Overview of SAIE System
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SAIE Structure
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SOURCES
MOBILE
STATIONARY
FUGITIVE SOURCES
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Stationary source emissions

• Based on U.S. EPA AP-42 methodology
• Raw data
• SESMA annual listing of permitted stationary
  sources,
• Annual emission statement by industry (mandatory)
• Measurements of PM10 and gases
• Census data for residential sources
• Statistics of fuel consumption.

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Urban Transport System at Santiago

• Population 5.6 million
• Economics 47 of the GDP
• Public transport 8,000 buses
• Bus routes 327 lines
• Metro lines 3 (40 Klms.)
• Cars 950,000

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Basic Tasks of the Strategic Transportation Model
?
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Outcomes of ESTRAUSS

• Vehicle counts on each link of the road network
• Fleet composition
• Average speed on each link
• Fluxes between city zones by type of modal
• transport.

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A Glance at EDB DICTUC 2000

• MODEM emissions checked with fuel consumption by
  type of vehicle
• COV speciation was incorporated in point, area
  and mobile sources
• Mobile from COPERT II
• Point and area using EPAs SPECIATE library
• Fully bottom up approach
• Consistency check between Airviros EDB module,
  SAIE/MODEM output and CAMx input emission files.
  Discrepancy lt 1

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Summary of EDB DICTUC 2000 (ton/year)
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Example CO emissions
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Example NOX emissions
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Example SO2 emissions
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Example Isoprene emissions
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Example PM10 emissions
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Current Resources Staff

• H. Jorquera expertise on air quality modeling,
  air quality forecast
• J. Escobar expertise on EDB management, USA
  training on EDB development
• J. Castro expertise on CALMET, AIRVIRO, CAMx
• Students many talented students, but poor
  incentives to pursue MSc/PhD programs.

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Current Funding and Needs

• Funding from
• CONAMA development of a photochemical model for
  Santiago.
• Other public institutions
• Modest funding from abroad (BC-UK)
• Critical needs
• Adequate space in campus
• Support for graduate students
• Staff training in ESL, EWS, Meteorology, MM5,
  Integrated Analyses, EDSS

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Current Research Cooperation

• UC/Statistics W. Palma, J. Tapia (U. Valparaiso)
• AQ Intervention analyses (AE, 2000)
• Statistical ozone forecasting (JOF, 2002)
• Long memory estimation (CSDA, 2003)
• Influence analysis (Joses PhD Thesis, 2003)
• No external funding whatsoever
• Imperial College V. Vesovic, Earth Science
  Engineering
• Trends in air quality and population exposure
  1989-2001 ( IJEP, 2003)
• A Neural Network Supervised Performance of CAMx
  (work in progress)
• Modest funding (LINK BC, ends 2004)

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Application of CAMx

• Model handles gas phase photochemistry, primary
  and secondary aerosols, EC, OC, PM10, PM2.5 and
  selected tracers
• Meteorological fields CALMETMM5 and CALMET
  HIRLAM
• EDB DICTUC 2000
• Preliminary results for CO, NOx, O3

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Modeling Domain
Grid settings 60 E-W, 40 N-S 2 x 2 km cells 8
vertical levels, up to 3 km a.g.l. Origin 270
km (E), 6250 km (N)
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CO January 2000 Station B
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CO January 2000 Station Q
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CO January 2000 Station G
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CO January 2000 Station J
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NO2 January 2000 Station N
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NO2 January 2000 Station P
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NO January 2000 Station P
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O3 January 2000 Station M
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O3 January 2000 Station Q
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O3 January 2000 Station J
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Work in progress

• Improving VOC speciation using ambient VOC
  campaigns and further information.
• Projecting EDB for the 2004 scenario, including
  the TRANSANTIAGO initiative.
• Estimation of emission reductions for the
  1997-2004 span of the PPDA initiative.
• Estimation of AQ benefits from PPDA.

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Conclusions

• EDB DICTUC 2000 updated and completed, including
  point, area, mobile and biogenic sources.
• EDB available in the AIRVIRO system for different
  statistical reports.
• EDB DICTUC 2000 with spatial and temporal
  resolution for modeling purposes.
• SAIE modules developed for generating inputs to
  UAM-IV, CAMx, CADM (CBM-IV and RADM2).
• There are problems with the VOC emissions and
  speciation, particularly from area sources.
• These pitfalls require further efforts to be
  resolved.