Today

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Today

• Exam 1 Question Answer

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Ch. 1 Biology

• The tree in your backyard is home to two
  cardinals, a colony of ants, a wasp's nest, two
  squirrels, and millions of bacteria. Together,
  all of these organisms represent  
• A) a species.  
• B) a community.  
• C) a population.  
• D) an ecosystem.  
• E) the biosphere.

3

• The ultimate source of energy flowing into nearly
  all ecosystems is  
• A) wind.  
• B) sunlight.  
• C) electricity.  
• D) geothermal vents.  
• E) radioactivity.

4

• Which of the following is/are properties of life?
   
• A) order  
• B) the ability to take in energy and use it  
• C) respond to stimuli
• D) reproduction  
• E) All of the choices are correct.

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Ch. 2 Chemistry

• The nucleus of an atom contains  
• A) protons and neutrons.  
• B) protons and electrons.  
• C) only neutrons.  
• D) only protons.  
• E) only electrons.

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• A radioactive isotope is one that  
• A) is stable.  
• B) has more neutrons than the common type of the
  element.  
• C) has more protons than the common type of the
  element.  
• D) has more electrons than the common type of the
  element.  
• E) has the same atomic mass, but a different
  atomic number than the common type of the
  element.

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• When full, the innermost electron shell of an
  atom contains __________ electrons, and the
  outermost shell contains __________ electrons.  
• A) 2 . . . 2  
• B) 2 . . . 8  
• C) 4 . . . 8  
• D) 8 . . . 2  
• E) 8 . . . 8

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• A(n) __________ forms when two atoms share
  electrons.  
• A) ion  
• B) element  
• C) covalent bond  
• D) ionic bond  
• E) hydrogen bond

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• Water molecules stick together because
• A) Hydrogen bonds form between the slightly
  charged H atoms of one water molecule and the
  slightly charged O atoms of another water
  molecule.
• B) Water molecules are neutrally charged and
  neutrals attract
• C) Ionic bonds hold them together
• D) Covalent bonds hold them together.

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• A fish survives a freezing winter on the bottom
  of a pond because
• Water is resistant to temperature change.
• Ice is less dense than liquid water.
• The cells of a fishs body cant freeze
• Water is slow to evaporate.

11

• _____ is water sticking to itself and _____ is
  water sticking to something else.
• capillarity surface tension
• adhesion cohesion
• cohesion adhesion
• solute solvent

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Ch. 3 Molecules

• Organic compounds  
• A) always contain nitrogen.  
• B) are synthesized by only animal cells.  
• C) always contain carbon.  
• D) can only be synthesized in a laboratory.  
• E) always contain oxygen.

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• A triglyceride  
• A) consists of three fatty acids attached to a
  glycerol.  
• B) is hydrophobic.  
• C) plays a role in energy storage.  
• D) is a type of fat.  
• E) All of the choices are correct.

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• Fatty acids with double bonds between some of
  their carbons are said to be  
• A) unsaturated.  
• B) saturated.  
• C) completely hydrogenated.  
• D) triglycerides.  
• E) monoglycerides.

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• Glucose molecules are to starch as __________ are
  to proteins.  
• A) oils  
• B) amino acids  
• C) fatty acids  
• D) waxes  
• E) lards

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Ch. 4 Cells

• Cells that lack a membrane-bound nucleus are
  __________ cells.  
• A) plant  
• B) animal  
• C) prokaryotic  
• D) eukaryotic  
• E) fungal

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• Long fibers of DNA and protein are called a  
• A) central vacuole.
• B) nucleolus.  
• C) ribosome.  
• D) lysosome.  
• E) chromatin.

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• The cells that produce hair contain a lot of
  __________. The cells that produce the oils that
  coat the hair contain a lot of __________.  
• A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum . . . lysosomes  
• B) rough endoplasmic reticulum . . . smooth
  endoplasmic reticulum  
• C) smooth endoplasmic reticulum . . . rough
  endoplasmic reticulum  
• D) microbodies . . . lysosomes  
• E) nuclei . . . chromatin

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• The function of mitochondria is  
• A) cellular respiration.  
• B) intracellular transport of proteins.  
• C) lipid synthesis.  
• D) photosynthesis.  
• E) intracellular digestion.  

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Ch. 5 Working cells

• A steer must eat at least 100 pounds of grain to
  gain less than 10 pounds of muscle tissue. This
  illustrates  
• A) the first law of thermodynamics.  
• B) the second law of thermodynamics.  
• C) that steer cannot make muscle from grain.
• D) that energy transformations are typically 100
  efficient.  

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• When a cell uses chemical energy to perform work,
  it couples a(n) __________ reaction with a(n)
  __________ reaction.  
• A) exergonic . . . endergonic  
• B) endergonic . . . exergonic  
• C) exergonic . . . spontaneous  
• D) spontaneous . . . exergonic  
• E) endergonic . . . spontaneous

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• When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction,  
• A) it lowers the activation energy of the
  reaction.  
• B) it raises the activation energy of the
  reaction.  
• C) it becomes a product.  
• D) it acts as a reactant.  
• E) None of the choices are correct.

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• Small, nonpolar, hydrophobic molecules such as
  fatty acids  
• A) easily pass through a membrane's lipid
  bilayer.  
• B) very slowly diffuse through a membrane's lipid
  bilayer.  
• C) require transport proteins to pass through a
  membrane's lipid bilayer.  
• D) are actively transported across cell
  membranes.  

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• Most of the functions of a cell membrane are
  performed by  
• A) glycolipids.  
• B) proteins.  
• C) phospholipids.  
• D) cholesterol.  
• E) nucleotides.

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• The act of a white blood cell engulfing a
  bacterium is  
• A) osmosis.  
• B) diffusion.  
• C) receptor-mediated endocytosis.  
• D) pinocytosis.  
• E) phagocytosis.

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Ch. 6 Cellular respiration

• The term anaerobic means  
• A) without bacteria.  
• B) without ATP.  
• C) without CO2.  
• D) with O2.  
• E) without O2.

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• Which of the following are products of cellular
  respiration?  
• A) oxgyen and carbon dioxide  
• B) energy to make ATP and carbon dioxide  
• C) oxygen and glucose  
• D) oxygen and energy to make ATP  
• E) glucose and carbon dioxide

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• During redox reactions  
• A) the loss of electrons from one substance is
  called reduction.  
• B) a substance that gains electrons is said to be
  oxidized.  
• C) electrons are lost from one substance and
  added to another substance.  
• D) protons from one molecule replace the
  electrons lost from another molecule.  

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• Which one of the following is the correct
  sequence of stages in cellular respiration?  
• A) glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and
  oxidative phosphorylation  
• B) glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and the
  citric acid cycle  
• C) the citric acid cycle, oxidative
  phosphorylation, and glycolysis  
• D) oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, and the
  citric acid cycle  

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• Which one of the following is the correct
  sequence of stages in cellular respiration?  
• A) glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and
  oxidative phosphorylation  
• B) glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and the
  citric acid cycle  
• C) the citric acid cycle, oxidative
  phosphorylation, and glycolysis  
• D) oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, and the
  citric acid cycle  

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Ch. 7 Photosynthesis

• Chloroplasts contain disklike membranous sacs
  arranged in stacks called  
• A) cristae.  
• B) thylakoids.  
• C) grana.  
• D) vacuoles.  
• E) stroma.

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• The oxygen released into the air as a product of
  photosynthesis comes from  
• A) water.  
• B) glucose.  
• C) carbon dioxide.  
• D) chlorophyll.

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• When a pigment molecule absorbs a photon, one of
  its electrons  
• A) becomes excited.  
• B) is raised from the ground state.  
• C) gains energy.  
• D) is put into an unstable state.  
• E) All of the choices are correct.

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• In photophosphorylation, energy from electron
  flow is used to transport __________ from the
  __________ to the thylakoid compartment,
  generating a concentration gradient of
  __________.  
• A) electrons . . . grana . . . H  
• B) H . . . grana . . . electrons  
• C) H . . . stroma . . . H  
• D) electrons . . . stroma . . . H  
• E) H . . . stroma . . . ATP