Swimming Pool

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Swimming Pool
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Swimming Pool
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Review
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Acids, Bases and Salts HW
Vocabulary pH and pOH Calculation pH Practice
Problems Ch 20 Practice Problems (13
questions) Aspirin Article Aqueous Acid Base
Titration Lab - Neutralization
5
Hydrochloric acid Sulfuric acid Phosphoric
acid Nitric acid Acetic acid Hydrofluoric acid
stomach acid, pickling metal battery acid, 1
selling chemical food flavoring fertilizer,
explosives vinegar etch glass
HCl H2SO4 H3PO4 HNO3 CH3COOH HF
NaOH Ca(OH)2
NH4OH
sodium hydroxide
calcium hydroxide
ammonium hydroxide
6
Soren Sorenson developed pH scale
7
neutral
0
14
pH scale
H OH-
acid
base
(alkalinity)
Arnold Beckman invented the pH meter
pH -log H
pOH -log OH-
H H2O H3O
pH pOH 14
proton
hydronium ion
kW H OH-
kw 1 x 10-14
7
Concentrated vs. Dilute
Concentration Molarity molality
Normality
mol
mol
M
m
L
kg
H2SO4 2 H1 SO42-
6 M
3 M
8
Strong / Weak Acid
(100 dissociation)
Strong HA H A-
(20 dissociation)
Weak HA H A-
H2A 2 H A-
acid dissociation constant
Ka
0.8 H3PO4 3H
PO43- 0.0021 HF
H F-
9
How would you make calcium sulfate in the lab?
H2SO4
Ca(OH)2
2 H2O
?
?
BASE
ACID
bitter taste, litmus blue
Sour taste, litmus red
Arrhenius OH- as only ion in water
Arrhenius H as only ion in water
Brønsted-Lowry proton acceptor
Brønsted-Lowry proton donor
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Indicators
litmus paper pH paper
11
Buffers
- salts of weak acids and weak bases that
maintain a pH
e.g. Aspirin (acetyl salicylic acid) vs.
Bufferin
low pH upsets stomach
LeChateliers Principle

• acidosis alkalosis (bicarbonate ion acts as
  buffer)
• darkening glasses
• egg shells thinner in summer (warm)

12
Video - Future of the Past
Video  The Future of the Past
Video  The Future of the Past
Keys
http//www.unit5.org/chemistry/AcidBase.html
13
Acid Base Concentrations
10-1
pH 3
pH 11
OH-
H3O
pH 7
10-7
concentration (moles/L)
OH-
H3O
OH-
H3O
10-14
H3O lt OH-
H3O OH-
H3O gt OH-
acidic solution
neutral solution
basic solution
Timberlake, Chemistry 7th Edition, page 332
14
Amino Acids Functional Groups
Amine
Carboxylic Acid
Base Pair
R- COOH
NH21-
H
lose H
NH3
NH21-
NH41
amine
ammonia
ammonium ion


1-
N
N

H
H
H
H
H
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Amino Acids Functional Groups
Amine
Carboxylic Acid
Base Pair
R- COOH
NH21-
http//fig.cox.miami.edu/cmallery/150/chemistry/s
f3x17b.jpg
16
Water Amphiprotic
H
lose H
H2O
OH1-
H3O1
hydroxide
water
hydronium ion


1-
N
N

H
H
H
H
H
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Water Also Amphiprotic
Amphiprotic Act as an acid (proton donor) or
base (proton acceptor)
H
lose H
H2O
OH1-
H3O1
hydroxide
water
hydronium ion
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Amino Acids Functional Groups
Amphiprotic Act as an acid (proton donor) or
base (proton acceptor)
H
lose H
H2O
OH1-
H3O1
hydroxide
water
hydronium ion
http//fig.cox.miami.edu/cmallery/150/chemistry/s
f3x17b.jpg
19
Range and Color Changes of Some Common Acid-Base
Indicators
pH Scale
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Indicators
Methyl orange red 3.1
4.4 yellow
Methyl red red
4.4 6.2 yellow
Bromthymol blue yellow
6.2 7.6 blue
Neutral red red
6.8 8.0 yellow
Phenolphthalein
colorless 8.0 10.0
red colorless beyond 13.0
20
Range and Color Changes of Some Common Acid-Base
Indicators
pH Scale
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Indicators
Methyl orange red 3.1
4.4 yellow
Methyl red red
4.4 6.2 yellow
Bromthymol blue yellow
6.2 7.6 blue
Neutral red red
6.8 8.0 yellow
Phenolphthalein
colorless 8.0 10.0
red colorless beyond 13.0
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(No Transcript)
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Amphoteric
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Neutralization of Bug Bites
Red Ant - bites with acid
Wasp - stings with base
(neutralize with baking soda)
(neutralize with lemon juice or vinegar)
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Strength

• Strong Acid/Base
• 100 ionized in water
• strong electrolyte

HCl HNO3 H2SO4 HBr HI HClO4
NaOH KOH Ca(OH)2 Ba(OH)2
Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communic
ationsarts/pages/chem
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Strength

• Weak Acid/Base
• does not ionize completely
• weak electrolyte

HF CH3COOH H3PO4 H2CO3 HCN
NH3
Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communic
ationsarts/pages/chem
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Ionization of Water
Kw H3OOH- 1.0 ? 10-14
Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communic
ationsarts/pages/chem
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Why is pure water pH 7?

• 1 in 500,000,000 water molecules will autoionize.
• H2O H2O ? H3O OH1-
• This yields a hydronium ion concentration of 1 x
  10-7 M H3O per liter of solution
• pH -logH3O
• pH -log1 x 10-7 or pH 7

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Two Water Molecules Autoionize
H
O
H
H
O
H
H
hydroxide ion hydronium ion
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Ionization of Water

• Find the hydroxide ion concentration of 3.0 ?
  10-2 M HCl.

H3OOH- 1.0 ? 10-14 3.0 ? 10-2OH- 1.0
? 10-14 OH- 3.3 ? 10-13 M Acidic or basic?
Acidic
Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communic
ationsarts/pages/chem
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pH Scale

0
14
7
INCREASING ACIDITY
INCREASING BASICITY
NEUTRAL
pH -logH3O
Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communic
ationsarts/pages/chem
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pH Scale
pH -logH3O pOH -logOH- pH pOH 14
Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communic
ationsarts/pages/chem
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pH Scale

• What is the pH of 0.050 M HNO3?

pH -logH3O pH -log0.050 pH
1.3 Acidic or basic?
Acidic
Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communic
ationsarts/pages/chem
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pH Scale

• What is the molarity of HBr in a solution that
  has a pOH of 9.6?

pH pOH 14 pH 9.6 14 pH 4.4
pH -logH3O 4.4 -logH3O -4.4
logH3O H3O 4.0 ? 10-5 M HBr
Acidic
Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communic
ationsarts/pages/chem
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Resources - Acids and Bases
Objectives
Worksheet - vocabulary
Video (VHS) - future of the past
Worksheet - pH and pOH calculations
Outline -
Worksheet - practice problems (key)
Worksheet -
Textbook - text ?'s chemical equilibrium
Worksheet -
Worksheet - weak acid, pKa
Worksheet -
Article - aspirin
Worksheet -
Lab - synthesis of aspirin
Worksheet - aqueous acids and bases titration
Lab - titration
Textbook - questions
Outline (general)
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Resources - Acids and Bases
Objectives
Episode 16 The Proton in Chemistry
Worksheet - vocabulary
Video (VHS) - future of the past
Worksheet - pH and pOH calculations
Outline -
Worksheet - practice problems (key)
Worksheet -
Textbook - text ?'s chemical equilibrium
Worksheet -
Worksheet - weak acid, pKa
Worksheet -
Article - aspirin
Worksheet -
Lab - synthesis of aspirin
Worksheet - aqueous acids and bases titration
Lab - titration
Textbook - questions
Outline (general)