Extended Producer Responsibility for

1

• Extended Producer Responsibility for
• Automobiles
• in North America

2
Automobile Impacts

• Multiple Impacts Across Auto Lifecycle
• Materials production and manufacturing
• Fuel processing emissions
• Metals, plastics, painting and coating
• Tailpipe emissions from fuel combustion
• Climate change- 33 of all sources
• Urban air pollution
• End-of-Life vehicle impacts
• Metals recycling processes, Auto fluff
• Auto salvage yards

3
Auto Production

• Materials Production and Waste Generation
• Largest manufacturing industry, and also biggest
  polluter
• Major consumer of metals, glass, rubber, and
  plastics
• 60-70 of U.S. lead, iron and rubber use
• End-of-life recycling and disposal processes
• Emissions of mercury, lead, dioxins, PAHs, and
  other contaminants from material recovery
• Only 75 recycled

4
Releases from Production

• Materials Production and Waste Generation
• Major consumer of steel, aluminum, rubber,
  plastics and other metals
• 60-70 of nations lead and rubber use
• Releases from all production processes?
• One estimate 30,000 lbs. waste/emissions per
  vehicle (10/1 waste to product)
• End-of-life recycling and disposal processes
• Emissions of mercury, lead, dioxins, PAHs, and
  other contaminants from material recovery
• 20 - 25 not recycled, by weight (700 lbs.)

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Clean Production

• Material Phase-Outs
• Mercury, lead, PVC, other PBTs
• Clean Manufacturing
• Water and powder-based coating systems
• Recyclability and Recycled Content
• Targets for high level of material recovery
• Product Take-Back or EPR
• Material Collection and Recycling

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EUs ELV Directive

• End-of-Life Vehicle Directive of 2000
• Phase-Out of Materials of Concern
• Mercury, lead, cadmium and hex chrome
• PVC, under review
• Recyclability Targets
• 85 recycled or recovered by 2006
• 95 by 2015
• End-of-Life Management Reqs
• Facility registration
• Removal of hazardous and recyclable materials
  before shredding

7
Mercury Products legis.

• Vermont labeling law
• Northeast states (NEWMOA) model legislation
  included manufacturer responsibility reqs
• Automobiles implicated as significant source, due
  to use of mercury-containing switches

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Auto Mercury Applications

• Convenience Lighting
• Most pre-1995 hood and truck lights

Anti-lock Brake Systems(ABS)
Other HID Headlamps Navigational displays Backlit
instruments Family entertainment systems
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Strategic Research

• Mercury in Fleet
• 11.2 tons used in 1996
• 170 - 200 million switches now on the road

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Electric Arc Furnaces

• 120 U.S. facilities
• 37 of domestic scrap from the auto sector
• Recent stack testing for mercury

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Phase-out

• Hg switches finally phased out in new vehicles at
  end of 2002
• 150 tons of mercury still on the road the problem
  now

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Switches in US Fleet
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Switch Retirement
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Mercury in Vehicles
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Mercury Switch Recovery

• Goal of 90 Capture Rate
• Both In-Use and End-of-Life Collection
• Dealers, service stations, etc.
• Auto dismantling facilities
• Manufacturer responsibility
• Financial incentives for dismantlers
• Responsibility for infrastructure gaps

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Partnership for Mercury-Free Vehicles

• Coalition between environmental groups, auto
  dismantlers, and steel recycling industries
• Developed Action Plan and Model legislation based
  on EPR approach
• Maine, first state to pass manufacturer
  responsibility legislation

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Maine legislation

• Auto recyclers required to remove mercury
  switches and mercury headlamps prior to being
  crushed
• By January 1, 2003, automobile manufacturers
  must
• establish consolidation centers for mercury
  switch collection,
• pay a minimum 1 bounty for each switch turned
  in,
• pay for transport and recycling of switches
  collected
• help identify makes models containing mercury
  switches
• Mercury switches prohibited from new cars
• A goal of 90 pounds of mercury removal per year
  is established to guide program evaluation.
• Detailed reporting required to track program
  success

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Maine implementation

• Law being implemented as of Jan. 2003
• 3rd party contractor for participating companies
• Automakers challenged law in federal court,
  claiming conflicts with interstate commerce.
• Maines law effectively forces out-of-state
  companies to enter the recycling business against
  their will and, in effect, subsidizes the balance
  sheets of Maines recyclers and disposal
  companies who are relieved of the burden of
  having to handle these waste substances.
• Jo Cooper, Alliance of Automobile Mcfcs

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Other Legislation

• Several other states have legislation pending,
  following Maines lead
• NE states, NJ, and Calif.
• Michigan exploring a negotiated program

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Issues

• Retroactive responsibility
• Performance standard for recovery
• Financial incentives, or bounty
• Alts to manufacturer responsibility
• Fees on products state-run program?
• Shared responsibility?
• Promoting green design
• EPR for other materials, whole car?

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Resources

• Clean Car Campaign
• www.cleancarcampaign.org