By: Jenni and JESSICA

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Fasciola hepatica!!!!

• By Jenni and JESSICA!

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What is a Fasciola?

• Flatworm parasitic in liver and bile ducts of
  domestic animals and humans
• It is more commonly known as a liver fluke
• It is one of the biggest of the flukes first
  one recognized
• www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/parasite/fasciola.html
  
• martin.parasitology.mcgill.ca/jimspage/bio/FASCIOL
  A.htm
• www.cabi-publishing.org/cgi/content/full/14/2/115

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http//www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/parasite/fasciol
a.html
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• Kingdom Animalia
• Phylum Platyhelmithes
• Class Trematoda
• Genus Fasciola
• Species Hepatica

http//science.northern.edu/biology/genbio/images/
trematoda2.html
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Host

• They mainly infect sheep and cattle
• Can infect llamas, emus, water buffalo, snails,
  and humans.
• On rare occasions they infect humans
• They live in the bile duct of the liver rather
  than the actual liver of the host.
• There they feed on the lining of the biliary
  ducts.
• Their eggs pass down the bile duct and into the
  intestine then the host passes them out with
  their feces.
• www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/parasite/fasciola.html
  
• http//martin.parasitology.mcgill.ca/jimspage/bio/
  FASCIOLA.htm
• http//www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/msds-ftss/msds67e.html

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Adult Characteristics

• Hermaphroditic and are capable of
  self-fertilization
• Egg layers produce on average 19,000 eggs per
  day
• About 20-30 mm long and 7-14 mm wide
• Leaf shaped
• Cuticle (skin) is covered with sharp spines
• They have very powerful oral and ventral suckers
• Both the testis and ovaries are finely branched
  with vitellaria that is extended down the edge of
  the worm
• martin.parasitology.mcgill.ca/jimspage/bio/FASCIOL
  A.htm
• www.bet.ksu.edu/cdrons/merial/training/00003.htm

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www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/parasite/labeled_fascio
la_drawing.html
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Eggs

• Oval in shape
• Found in the bile ducts of host passed through
  the gall bladder to small intestine then passed
  out with feces
• Before they hatch they go through what is called
  embryo nation
• Can stay in host for over a year without hatching
• They hatch when the sunlight reaches them.
• The eggs are operculate
• www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/parasite/fasciola
• www.bet.ksu.edu/cdrons/merial/training/00003.htm

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http//www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/parasite/fasciol
a.html
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Miracidium aka Larvae

• Two ways larvae can get into the intermediate
  host
• 1. Intermediate host eats egg larvae will
  hatch out and develop in intermediate host
• 2. Egg hatches in water (moist environment)
  Larvae will swim and find host penetrates skin
  once in host it develops into a bag like cocoon
  called Sporocyst
• www.bet.ksu.edu/cdrons/merial/training/00003.htm

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• An example of a Mircaidium that just hatched from
  an egg

http//www.path.cam.ac.uk/schisto/SchistoLife/Mir
acidium.html
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How the Fluke gets into the Main Host

• Intermediate host passes out the larvae in its
  feces
• Then the main host digests the immature worms by
  eating something with it present
• From there they penetrate the small intestine and
  travel to the hosts liver and eventually reaches
  the bile ducts.
• There they attach and live
• www.bet.ksu.edu/cdrons/merial/training/00003.htm

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Prevention

• Dont eat raw or uncooked meat
• Dont eat water vegetables
• Dont drink unclean water
• www.abundanthealth.ws/htrybohi-htm

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Effects of the Fasciolas

• Causes the bile ducts to inflame which then
  causes the lining to thicken and leads to
  Fibrosis
• In cattle and sheep it can cause anemia, sever
  weight loss, low milk yields, poor beef
  production, liver damage
• Heavy infections can kill the host
• www.abundanthealth.ws/htrybohi-htm

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Diagnosis

• The eggs will be found in the hosts faces
• Humans can use the ELISA test to find out if they
  have them
• In order to prevent them the animals are kept
  away from open water where the fasciolas are
  found on their intermediate hosts snails.
• martin.parasitology.mcgill.ca/jimspage/bio/FASCIOL
  A

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Bibliography

• www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/parasite/fasciola.html
  
• martin.parasitology.mcgill.ca/jimspage/bio/FASCIOL
  A.htm
• www.cabi-publishing.org/cgi/content/full/14/2/115
• http//martin.parasitology.mcgill.ca/jimspage/bio/
  FASCIOLA.htm
• http//www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/msds-ftss/msds67e.html
  
• www.abundanthealth.ws/htrybohi-htm
• www.bet.ksu.edu/cdrons/merial/training/00003.htm
• http//www.path.cam.ac.uk/schisto/SchistoLife/Mir
  acidium.html