The First World War

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The First World War

• Chapter 19

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Define/Identify the following terms

• Name the member nations of the Allies
• Name the member nations of the Central Powers
• No mans land
• Trench warfare
• Zimmermann Note
• Selective Service Act
• American Expeditionary Force
• War Industries Board
• Propaganda
• Espionage Sedition Acts
• Fourteen Points
• League of Nations
• Treaty of Versailles
• War-guilt clause

Due Friday, April 18 Chapter 19
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Causes of the First World War
Use pages 579-580 to complete this chart about
the causes of WWI
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Causes of the First World War
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Causes of the First World War
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Starter Friday, April 18

• Read about the new weapons of WWI on page 590-591
  New Weapons and Science Technology
  Technology at War. Complete the chart and answer
  the question below.

What is meant by mechanized warfare?
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What is meant by mechanized warfare? Warfare
that relies on machines powered by gasoline
diesel engines
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Starter Monday, April 21

• Read Provisions of the Treaty on page 606 and
  complete the diagram below, noting the PROVISIONS
  of the Treaty of Versailles

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Starter Wednesday, November 8
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STARTER Wednesday, April 23

• Examine the political cartoon on page 597
  Analyzing Political Cartoons The Enemy Within
  and answer the two questions listed!

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Short Term Causes of WWI

• Austria-Hungarys Archduke Franz Ferdinand his
  wife were assassinated by a Serbian nationalist
• Austria-Hungary was occupying territory that was
  inhabited by ethnic Serbians

• Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia
• As the protector of the Slavic peoples, Russia
  declared war on Austria-Hungary
• The alliance system produced a domino effect!

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ALLIES (Triple Entente)

• 1. France
• 2. Britain
• 3. Russia (drop out because of their Revolution
• 4. Italy (end of the War)
• 5. US

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CENTRAL POWERS (Triple Alliance)

• Germany
• Austria-Hungary
• Italy (switched sides)
• Ottoman Empire

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Trench Warfare

• The Central Powers plan was to take over France,
  then Russia
• On the way to France, the Allies held off the
  Germans

• Each side established parallel trenches (the area
  between the trenches was called no mans land
• This trench warfare, in which armies fought for
  only yards of ground, lasted three years

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Trench Warfare
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America Remains Neutral?

• America did not get involved in the Great War in
  Europe
• Some Americans felt loyal to the British, due to
  our common culture ancestral ties with England

• Most importantly, America was tied economically
  to members of the Allied Powers more than it was
  with members of the Central Powers
• America shipped war supplies to the Allies
• was America really neutral?

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America Becomes Involved

• Britain blocked the Germany coast so they could
  not receive war supplies or food
• Famine struck Germany and America disagreed with
  the British blockade
• The Germans struck back using their U-boats
  (Unterseeboot or submarines) to destroy ships
  around the British coast
• In 1915, a U-boat sunk the British cruise liner,
  Lusitania, killing 128 Americans
• America warned Germany to stop threatening the
  freedom of the seas

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The Zimmermann Note

• Directions
• Put yourself in groups of 4-5 people.
• Pick one person in your group to be the President
  (the rest of you are cabinet members)
• The President must present the findings to the
  class, but the cabinet members are the ones that
  will do the work and advise the President.

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The Zimmermann Note

• As a result of the Zimmermann Note Germanys
  continued unrestricted submarine warfare, America
  became involved in World War I in 1917.
• Wilson declared that this war would make the
  world safe for democracy
• Americans truly believed that this war would pave
  the way for a future of freedom peace

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America Raises an Army

• The Selective Service Act required men to
  register with the government to be randomly
  selected for military service (drafted)

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The Doughboys Arrive

• Gen. John J. Pershing
• Commanded the
• American Expeditionary
• Force (AEF)

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VIDEO- Ace of Aces Eddie Rickenbacker the
First World War

• How did Eddie Rickenbacker adapt his skills and
  talents to wartime?
• What is your impression of Eddie Rickenbacker?
• What qualities make people heroes?

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Government Involvement in the War Effort

• The role of the government increased during the
  war
• War Industries Board placed controls on the
  nations economy as a way to obtain supplies for
  the war effort
• Committee on Public Information encouraged public
  support for the war
• Food Administration encouraged Americans to
  conserve food to be used in the war effort
• Espionage Sedition Acts were intended to
  protect national security

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Food Administration
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Food Administration
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Committee on Public Information
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Committee on Public Information
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Food Administration
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Russia Leaves the War

• Russia pulled out of the war due to its
  revolution in 1917
• The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, overthrew
  the Russian monarchy
• Lenin established a communist regime
• With the Russians out of the war, the Central
  Powers could focus on the war in the west

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U.S. Troops Help Turn the War

• With the Central Powers focusing on France, the
  U.S. Marines were essential in holding off the
  Germans
• The Germans had no choice but to seek peace
• An armistice was declared in late 1918
• Leaders of the warring nations met in Paris to
  create a treaty

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The Big Four

• Leaders of Britain, France, Italy the United
  States

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Wilsons Peace Plan

• President Wilson did not want to severely punish
  Germany
• He proposed a peace plan called the Fourteen
  Points
• He proposed the founding of the League of
  Nations, an organization to provide a place where
  countries could talk about their differences
  rather than go to war

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Wilsons Peace Plan

• Many nations joined the League of Nations, but
  the U.S. Senate did not approve membership in the
  League
• Isolationism (a desire to stay out of
  international affairs focus on internal
  problems) had grown strong in America many felt
  the League would foster more alliances

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The Treaty of Versailles

• Germans were forced to sign the Treaty of
  Versailles
• The treaty contained a war guilt clause, in
  which Germany claimed total responsibility for
  the war
• The harsh conditions of the treaty led to an
  economic depression resentment in Germany
• This resentment led to the leadership of Adolph
  Hitler, leading Europe into another World War

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The Presidents Woodrow Wilson
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CLASSWORK April 22- DUE TODAY

• Read pages 599-601 and answer the questions
  below.
• WRITE THE QUESTIONS THE ANSWERS!!!
• AFRICAN AMERICANS
• What was the greatest effect of the war on the
  lives of African Americans? (599)
• What was the Great Migration? (599)
• Why did African Americans move north? (599)
• Why were job opportunities in mills, plants and
  stockyards now open to African Americans? (599)
• Look at the painting by Jacob Lawrence on page
  599 and read its caption. Why do you think the
  artist has not shown any individual facial
  features in the painting?

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CLASSWORK Due April 22

• WOMEN
• Name some of the jobs women took while men went
  to war. (600)
• How did these opportunities change the way women
  were treated? (600)
• FLU EPIDEMIC
• What problems were caused due to the flu
  epidemic? (601)
• How did wartime conditions help the flu spread?
  (601)
• How many Americans died from the flu? Worldwide?
  (601)

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Test Review

• Causes of the War (long term short term)
• About the war in Europe BEFORE America entered
  (stalemate!)
• What happened to Russia?
• Why did the US enter the war?
• New weapons
• How did the US government/citizens support the
  war? (Different departments established
  propaganda)
• Treaty of Versailles
• Role of women African Americans

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What was the greatest effect of the war on the
lives of African Americans?It accelerated the
Great Migration
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• What was the Great Migration?
• the large scale movement of hundreds of thousands
  of Southern blacks to cities in the north.

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Why did African Americans move north? Escape
racial discrimination in the South, which made it
hard to make a living and threatened lives
Southern cotton fields were destroyed by a boil
weevil infestation, floods and droughts There
were more job opportunities in the north.
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• Why were job opportunities in mills, plants and
  stockyards now open to African Americans?
• World War One broke out and the European
  immigration decreased War JOBS

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• Look at the painting by Jacob Lawrence on page
  599 and read its caption. Why do you think the
  artist has not shown any individual facial
  features in the painting?
• The artist wanted to represent not individuals,
  but an entire people on the move.

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• Name some of the jobs women took while men went
  to war.
• Jobs typically held by men
• Railroad workers
• Cooks
• Dockworkers
• Bricklayers
• Coal miners
• Shipbuilding
• Traditional jobs nurses, clerks, and teachers

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• How did these opportunities change the way women
  were treated?
• Gains were made in support of womens suffrage

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• What problems were caused due to the flu
  epidemic?
• Mines shut down
• Telephone service was cut in half
• Factories and offices staggered working hours to
  avoid contagion
• Cities ran short of coffins
• People died quickly
• Quarantine cleanliness was recommended

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• How did wartime conditions help the flu spread?
• Living conditions allowed contagious illnesses to
  spread rapidly
• It spread around the world through soldiers

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• How many Americans died from the flu? Worldwide?
  
• Americans 500,000
• Worldwide 30 million people