Physics of 3D

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Physics of 3-D
Brown University Center for Advanced Materials
Research
Brown Out Classroom Module Program K-12
Educational Outreach CONTACT http//www.brown.ed
u/CAMR OUTREACH

• Parallax, Projections, and Perception

Presented by Laura Ellis 07 Maribeth Rubin
07 Spring 2004
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Binocular Parallax

• Everyone sees this way
• Show slightly different images to each eye
• Then the brain combines these together to create
  the illusion of 3-D

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Disparity

• The measure of how different the two images are

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Depth Perception

• To create the illusion of depth, the two images
  are slightly off set

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Stereoscopic Methods

• Ways to see 3D images
• Instead of looking "at" the images, you look
  "through" them with your eyes being parallel.
• Hence, the right eye sees the right image and the
  left eye the left image.
• Cross-eyed reverses this.
• Each eye sees only one image and the brain puts
  them together.

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Stereoscopes(View Masters)
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View Master Reel
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Magic Eye Pictures
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Magic Eye Pictures

• The first step in creating a magic eye picture is
  to create a 3-D grayscale image. This is the
  image that will be hidden later.
• This image then becomes a depth map.

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Magic Eye Pictures

• Next, a 2-D pattern or panel is created. This
  pattern will then be repeated to cover the whole
  page. Using computer software this pattern is
  merged with the depth field. To create the magic
  eye.

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Magic Eye Pictures

• How does it work?
• There will be two matching dots of color, one for
  each eye. You see the many pairs of matching
  dots, all of which your brain merges together,
  creating a 3D image.

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Anaglyphs(Colored Filters)

• red/blue, red/green, red/cyan
• Left eye and right eye views in complimentary
  colors
• Not all colors-effectively gray scale

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Colored Light
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Colored Light
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Colored Light

• Colored filters only transmit one of the colors
  in the image
• They absorb the other one.
• The blue color on the image appears as black on
  the eye behind the red filter while being
  indistinguishable from white on the eye behind
  the blue filter.
• Each eye must only see its own view (opposite
  color)

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Anaglyphs
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Anaglyphs
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Anaglyph
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Light as a Wave
Interference Between Waves
Constructive
Destructive
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Polarized Light
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Polarizing Filters

• Polarized glasses are worn which match the
  alignment of the projector lens polarizing
  filters.
• In most projectors and glasses, the orientations
  of the polarization is in a "V" shape. (Opposite
  45 degree angles)
• Regular white screens will not work as they will
  de-polarize the light, destroying the left/right
  separation. Silver/aluminum screens must be used.
• Full color, but only on screen projection

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Shuttered Glasses (LCD)

• Liquid Crystal Displays
• The images for the right and the left eye are
  displayed in quick alternating sequence.
• If the frequency is high enough one will not see
  the flickering
• Used for virtual reality

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Holograms

• Can be seen from any angle
• Everywhere-credit cards, baseball cards, artwork
• Made with lasers (highly directional mono-colored
  light)

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Lasers

• A thin glass tube, drinking straw sized
• Filled with He and Ne gases
• When electrified, the gases glow
• Mirrors at each end cause the light to bounce
  back and forth
• One mirror is only partially reflective, and it
  allows a concentrated beam to escape

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Holograms

• Recording the patterns of light and interference
  patterns on holographic film or plates
• Stored information- size, shape, brightness,
  contrast
• Shining a light on it, recreates optical
  wavefront, reflected off the object

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Diverging Lenses Diffraction

• A concave lens produces diverging light
• Diverging light creates a virtual image

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Holograms
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Holograms

• Many different types and styles of holograms
• Some holograms require a laser to view them,
  others rely only on regular light.
• Holograms that show motion
• Holograms that change images as you move by them.
  
• Holograms can be in full-color, change color and
  even project their image out in space toward you
  when you view them

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3-D Measurements

• Cross talk is the measure of how much of the
  signal destined for one eye, reaches the opposite
  one.
• Resolution is the process of making clearer the
  individual parts of an objects, images, and
  sources of light.

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Why 3-D

• Complex Surgeries
• Accurate Engineering Designs
• Gaming and Entertainment

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The End!

• Hope you enjoyed the wonderful world of

3-D
!