WELCOME TO CLS 1113

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WELCOME TO CLS 1113

• INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL LABORATORY
• PRACTICES

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LABORATORY SAFETY

• How safe are you????
• We can group laboratory safety into two groups.
• Biological
• Chemical

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Biological Safety

• How are diseases transmitted in the lab?
• Inhalation, Ingestion, Inoculation
• What types of diseases are we at risk for.
• HIV
• HBV
• HCV
• HIV
• Affects our T-cells (lymphocytes)

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Diseases Continued

• Hepatitis
• Define
• Types
• A
• B
• C
• Others
• Incubation and transmission

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OSHA

• Occupational Health and Safety Act (1970)
• Occupational Safety and Health Administration
  (Dept. of Labor)
• Initially these rules did not apply to
  governmental agencies
• All types of industry must have extensive safety
  manuals and protection equipment.
• New regulations (Protective Needles)

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CDC

• To help us further, in 1987 the CDC published a
  set of recommendations we now call Universal
  Precautions.
• Treat ALL patient samples as if they were
  infectious.

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Proper Disposal

• Biohazard Bags

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Sharps Containers
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Broken Glass

• Uncontaminated glass only
• Contaminated glass must go in sharps containers.

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If you spill a biohazard.

• Inform those around you what has transpired.
• Squirt down the spill with the provided surface
  disinfectant.
• Wipe up spill.
• Everything goes in the trash.

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Protective Equipment
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Fire Extinguishers

• Types
• A
• B
• C

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Notice to all students!!!!!

• No eating, drinking, smoking, or applying make-up
  in the lab. WHY?
• Do not store food in lab refrigerators.

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Other rules of conduct

• No open-toed shoes
• We advise against wearing contacts
• Lab coats must be buttoned-up and worn at all
  times.
• Calm down your hair if it is out of control
• If you discover an electrical hazard, please
  inform the lab manager.

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Strong Acids and Bases

• Caustic chemical if.
• pH is gt12.5 or lt 2.0
• Dilute acids with Sodium Bicarbonate.
• Dilute bases with dilute Boric Acid.
• When mixing acids or bases with water
• ADD THE CHEMICAL TO THE WATER

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Hazards to be aware of.

• Ethers-explosive
• Cyanide-poisonous when mixed with strong acids
• Mercury
• Sodium Azide-combustible with metals
• Nitric Acids-forms triple bonds with alcohols and
  aromatic compounds.
• Picric Acid-explosive when dry

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MSDS

• Define MSDS
• Why? Employee right to know!
• Available for EACH chemical in the lab.
• For example.
• Chemical and trade name
• Chemicals, hazards, physical data, health
  hazards, fire and explosion data, and protection
  and treatment information.

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MSDS

• Information on each sheet
• Hazardous ingredients
• Physical and chemical characteristics
• Physical hazards
• Reactivity
• Health hazards
• Precautions for safe handling and use
• Regulatory information

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Common Safety Symbols
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• CARCINOGEN

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• Examples
• acids lt2.0 pH
• bases gt12.5

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• Examples
• Sodium Azide
• Ether
• Nitric Acid with alcohol

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• Examples
• alcohols
• acetone
• solvents
• Flammable substances must be kept in a special
  cabinet.

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National Fire Protection Agency

• They wanted to not only show the hazard but also
  how severe the hazard is.
• 0-no hazard
• 1-slight
• 2-moderate
• 3-severe
• 4-extreme

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• Colors
• red--flammability
• blue--health
• yellow--reactivity
• white--other
• dont add water
• radioactive
• etc.

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EXAMPLES

• 1- slight flammability, extreme reactivity,
  severe health, and do not add water

• 2- moderate flammability, slight reactivity, and
  no known health hazard