Lab 1

1
Lab 1

• Introduction to SAS

2
Getting Started

• Open use labs or bookstore
• SAS windows
• Program (editor) Window
• Log Window (info about your program)
• Output Window (results)
• Help

3
Example Program Editor
DATA D1 INPUT A 1 B 3 CARDS 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 2
3 1 3 2 1 1 2 4 4 2 2 PROC print RUN
Data Step (cannot be more than 8 characters and
begins with a letter)
SAS Grammar the semicolon.
Data
Data and Proc steps.
Proc Step
4
Program Editor Notes

• Functions
• Describe data
• Manipulate data
• Tell SAS what analysis you want
• All caps and indent, makes it easier to read
• Color codes are helpful (8.0), watch out for red
• DATA, Run, and PROC statements dark blue
• Other SAS commands, ex. infile, cards royal
  blue
• Options, variable names, ect black
• Data you input yellow
• Comments green (put before and after
  for comments)
• SAS doesnt recognize red

5
Program Editor (Cont.)

• OPTIONS LINESIZE80 PAGESIZE60 NODATE
• Linesize must be between 64 and 256
• Recall last submit button if you want to get
  the program you just entered back. (Run menu)
• Write stream of numbers at top so you can tell
  what column you are in and then erase it before
  you run it.
• 123456789012345678901234567890

6
Example Log with no errors

• 292 DATA D1
• 293 INPUT A 1 B 3
• 294 CARDS
• NOTE The data set WORK.D1 has 10 observations
  and 2 variables.
• NOTE DATA statement used
• real time 0.04 seconds
• 305 PROC PRINT
• 306 RUN
• NOTE There were 10 observations read from the
  data set WORK.D1.
• NOTE PROCEDURE PRINT used
• real time 0.11 seconds

7
Example Log with error

• 501 DATA D1
• 502 INPUT A 1 b 3
• NOTE SCL source line.
• 503 1 2
• -
• 180
• ERROR 180-322 Statement is not valid or it is
  used out of proper order.
• 513
• ERROR No CARDS or INFILE statement.
• NOTE The SAS System stopped processing this step
  because of errors.
• WARNING The data set WORK.D1 may be incomplete.
  When this step was stopped there were 0
• observations and 2 variables.
• WARNING Data set WORK.D1 was not replaced
  because this step was stopped.
• NOTE DATA statement used
• real time 0.11 seconds
• 514 PROC print

8
Notes on Log

• Always check log. Look for red (errors) and
  green (warnings) writing.
• Blue writing is providing you with information.
• You can make errors that wont show on your log.
  
• Always do a proc print statement to make sure you
  inputted your data correctly.
• If there are errors, look for missing first.
• You can clear your log and output new button.

9
Example Output

• The SAS System 1516 Monday, January 6,
  2003 37
• Obs
  A
• 1
  1
• 2
  2
• 3
  2
• 4
  3
• 5
  2
• 6
  1
• 7
  2
• 8
  1
• 9
  4
• 10
  2

10
Describe how to read data

• Input X read numbers and assign them to a
  variable called X
• Data manipulation, variable creation, simple
  computation
• Input X input a variable called X
• Y X 2 create Y by adding 2 to X
• Cards data go next , right after cards

11
Input Statement

• Free format (blank space represents new variable)
• Input X Y Z A1 A2 A3
• Easy but problem with missing data
• Example
• 1 2 3 4 5 6
• 1 2 3 4 5 6
• Problem comes when
• 1 2 4 5 6
• 1 3 4 5 6
• Solve problem with
• 1 2 . 4 5 6
• 1 . 3 4 5 6

12
Input Statement (2)

• Column Format
• Input A 1 B 2-3 C 10-15
• Alpha variables () Input Name 1-20
• Pointing (_at_) Input Name 1-20 _at_23 A2
• Record Number () Input Name 1-20 2 SSN
  21-29
• Example Susan Smith
• 555123456
• Tim Smith
• 555234567

13
Input Statement (3)

• Fixed format (informat).
• Input Name 1-10 A1 11 A2 12 A3 13
• Input Name 1-10 (A1-A3)(1.0)
• 1234567890123
• Barney 523
• Input Name 1-10 (A4-A5)(5.2)
• 12345678901234567890
• Barney 52356 2345

14
Input Statement (4)

• Combining formats
• SAS allows mixing different formats, e.g.,
• Input A1 14 _at_50 (T1-T10)(1.0) _at_70 S1
• CARDS statement
• Data D1 Input X Y CARDS data
• INFILE statement
• Data D1
• INFILE C\My Documents\SASfiles\stuff.dat
• Input X Y Z PROC Print

Note that INFILE goes BEFORE INPUT but CARDS goes
AFTER INPUT.
15
Recoding

• Create an array to recode
• ARRAY A I4 I5 I6
• DO OVER A
• A 6A
• END
• This is an Array called A. It has three items
  and it is taking each item in the array and
  subtracting it from 6.
• You want to include this statement between your
  input and cards statements.

16
Arithmetic Operations

• Addition
• Subtraction -
• Multiplication
• Division /
• Power (exponent)
• Example
• Scale A1 A2 A3
• Scale Sum(of A1-A3) Ignores missing
  values.

17
Notes on Homework Assignments

• Due at the beginning of each class. Drop box or
  e-mail electronic information.
• I recommend that you copy and paste your output
  into a word file so that you can edit and shrink
  it down.

18
SAS example

• Example
• Col 1-4 Birthdate
• Col 6 Sex 0M, 1F
• Col 8 Number of siblings
• Data
• 1953 0 3
• 1966 1 3
• 1973 0 0