Welcome to Bio B

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Welcome to Bio B!!

• Evolution
• Microbiology
• Invertebrate Zoology
• Vertebrate Zoology
• Spring Ecology

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Top Final Exam Scores!!!

• Total Possible 70pts.
• 70 pts. John Bisgaard
• 69 pts. Michelle Reisman, Steve Richter, Elaine
  Downie
• 67 pts. Matt Breitzman, Andrew Falconer, Taylor
  Byrne
• Adell Dougherty, Ryan Folz, John Hassett
• 4. 66pts. Travis Vanderbosch
• 5. 65pts. Katie Rath

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1st Semester Top Grades

• 100.7 Elaine Downie
• 100.2 Morgan Dixon
• 100.1 Michelle Reisman
• 99.5 Katie Rath
• 98.2 Andrew Falconer
• 97.6 Claire Shaller
• 97.2 Katie Asproth, Jade Schantzen
• 97.1 Devyn Ostertag
• 97 Steve Richter

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Unit 1 Evolution

• History of Life on Earth

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Charles Darwin (1859)changed biology forever.

• A. In 1831 he was ships naturalist aboard the
  Beagle.

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A. In 1831 he changed biology forever.

• B. On a 5 year voyage
• He made observations on natural history.
• (plants, animals,
• rocks etc.)

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• c. On the Galapagos Islands he made his most
  famous observations.
• 1. finches
• 2. tortoises
• 3. iquanas

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• D. Others (Lamarck) had written of evolution
  before.

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• E. Darwin provided the
• MECHANISM.
• natural selection.

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2. Natural Selection

• a. All species show
• variation
• (sizeland tortoises,
• Galapagos tortoises.
• color---Arctic Wolf and Timber Wolf
• coloration----California salamanders

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2. Natural Selection

• b. Sometimes life can be a STRUGGLE
  FOREXISTENCE.

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• d. If an adaptation increases an individuals
  chance for survival it is
• SELECTED for, that individual is more likely to
  survive, reproduce and pass on its genes.

The famous Peppered Moths of England (1800s and
1900s)
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2. Natural Selection

• c. An adaptation is an inherited characteristic
• that increases an organisms chance of survival.
• (can be anatomical,
• structural, physiological, behavioral)

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3. The Origin of Species

• a. Darwin was influenced by Lyells
• Principals of Geology.
• Lyells work explained how awesome geological
  features could be built up overtime by processes
  that can be observed ex volcanoes, erosion.

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3. The Origin of Species

• b. Darwin was also influenced by Malthus views
  on human population.
• Malthus reasoned that if the human population
  continued to grow unchecked, sooner or later wed
  run out of food and space.

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3. The Origin of Species.

• c. In 1859 Darwin published his work,
• On the Origin of Species.
• It caused a sensation that continues to this day!

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Charles Darwin, George Bush and our Biology Book!!
From Time magazine, April 15
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4. Evidence of Evolution

• A Evidence includes
• 1. Fossil evidence

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4. Evidence of Evolution

• a.
• 2. Homologous structures structures that have
  different mature forms but develop from the same
  embryonic tissue

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4. Evidence of Evolution

• 3. Common Embryology.
• The early stages or embryos of many animals with
  backbones are similar.

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• 4. Geographic Distribution Different animals in
  different places.
• 5. Vestigial Organs
• organs with no uselful purpose that hint at a
  different ancestry

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5. Radioactivity and Fossil Dating

• A. The fossil record shows how different groups
  of organisms have changed over time.

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5. Radioactivity and Fossil dating

• B. In relative dating,
• fossil age is estimated by the age of the
  surrounding rock.

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• c. Radioactive elements, 92 and above have
  unstable nuclei that decay naturally and become
  lighter elements.
• example uranium

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• D. When they disintegrate they emit
• three types of radiation.
• 1. Alpha particles
• 2 neutrons, 2 protons, stopped by paper

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• 1. Alpha particles.
• 2. Beta particles. Fast moving electrons.
  Stopped by thim metal.
• 3. Gamma rays. High energy radiation like strong
  X-rays. Stopped by a lead wall.

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• E. Carbon 14 is an unstable radioactive isotope
  found in nature, and therefore in the bodies of
  all living things.

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• 1. When a living thing dies, it no longer takes
  in carbon, and the amount of C-14 in its body
  begins to decrease because of radioactive decay.