Improving crosscultural understanding of the Teaching

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Improving cross-cultural understanding of the
Teaching Learning Terminology used in
Radiography Higher Education across Europe

• C. Eaton, M. Dow, V. Challen

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Introduction

• HENRE
• Workshop on Academic Teaching Terminology
• Cross-cultural working Reflections and
  Experiences

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HENRE Thematic Network

• Higher Education Network for Radiography
  Education in Europe
• SocratesErasmus 3 programme
• Co-ordinated by St Martins College, Lancaster, UK
  ( Val Challen Melanie Dow)
• Co-financed by the European Commission

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Thematic Network - Aim

• to help higher education institutions create
  forums to analyse and study the state of
  development of various education and training
  fields in Europe in order to encourage the
  European dimension and improve the quality of
  education and training

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Thematic Network Aim (Continued)

• Such co-operation should have a lasting and
  widespread impact across a large range of
  institutions within or between specific
  discipline areas
• http//europa.eu.int/comm/education/programmes/soc
  rates/tnp/index_en.html

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HENREHigher Education Network For Radiography
Education

• To establish spread a radiography education
  network throughout Europe
• To encourage the involvement of the University
  sector
• To liaise with ISRRT European radiographic
  bodies regarding education
• To promote discussion idea exchange

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Members

• Austria Iceland
• Belgium Latvia
• Czech Republic Lithuania
• Cyprus Malta
• Denmark Poland
• Estonia Romania
• Finland Slovakia
• France Slovenia
• Germany Sweden
• Greece Spain
• Hungary Norway
• Ireland Turkey
• Italy UK

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Outcomes

• Three areas of work
• Subgroup 1 Nature of pre-registration
  education across Europe
  
  
• Subgroup 2 - Exploration of teaching and
  learning methods
• Subgroup 3 Nature of continuing
  professional development and role
  expansion

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Meeting venues

• Scotland
• Malta
• Cyprus
• Poland
• Estonia
• Lithuania
• Norway

• Finland
• England
• Germany
• Austria
• Sweden
• Romania
• Ireland
• Greece

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Tuning Project

• Taking forward action points from the Bologna
  Declaration( 199920012003)
• Adoption of a system of easily readable and
  comparable degrees
• Adoption of a system based on two cycles
• Establishment of a system of credits (European
  Credit Transfer System)

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Tuning Methodology

• Generic (general academic) competencies
• Subject-specific competencies
• The role of the European Credit Transfer System
• Approaches to Teaching, Learning, Assessment and
  Performance
• http//europa.eu.int/comm/education/Tuning

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Workshop

• Purpose
• To achieve a common language and shared
  understanding of the Teaching Learning
  Terminology used in Radiography Higher Education
  across Europe.

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Method

• 4 groups, approximately 14 members in each
  group.
• List of common words or phrases used in Academic
  teaching
• Reach a CONSENSUS (agreement) on a definition for
  3 of the words or phrases from the list.

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Results

• Lecture
• Module
• Seminar
• Workshop
• Clinical placement/study
• Tutorial

• Competency
• Independent learning
• E-learning
• Learning outcome
• Mentorship
• Assessment
• Examination

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Examples

• Learning outcome A description of what we want
  to achieve at the end of a process. Expressed in
  terms of student competence. The focus is on the
  students experience and achievements
• Competency To acquire, Knowledge/skills/attitude
  and ability to perform/demonstrate skills. Can be
  measured
• Independent learning Student initiated learning.
  Study may be directed or undirected

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Examples

• E-learning A method of interactive learning in a
  digital environment e.g. discussion forum,
  computer assisted learning. No fixed time or
  location, web-environment. Can involve assessment
  
• Mentorship Supervision by a senior to provide
  support and guidance to enable the students to
  achieve. Acts as a role model over a period of
  time. The approach is on a holistic approach to
  student welfare

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Cross-cultural communication

• As intercultural researchers, trainers and/or
  practitioners, one of our central concerns is
  with increasing the effectiveness of the
  communication between members of different
  cultures
• Abe Wiseman (1983)

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Reflections Observations on facilitating
cross-cultural groups

• Team working
• Task orientated
• Process orientated
• Excellent cross-cultural communicators
• Development of interpersonal skills

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Skills for working in cross-cultural groups

• Ability to
• Resourceful
• Listen actively and respond appropriately
• Work as a team
• Deal with ambiguity
• Build interpersonal relationships
• Adapted from Hammer et al 1978)
• Abe Wiseman ( 1983)

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Conclusion

• Agree terminology reference point for future
  work within the network
• Greater understanding of each others working
  practices similarities differences
• Improved skills of facilitation
• Networks of colleagues across Europe
• Opportunities for further collaboration

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Cross-cultural working

• In multi-national groups members have to use
  their differences as a basis of shared actions
• Smith Berg ( 1997)

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References

• http//europa.eu.int/comm/education/programmes/soc
  rates/tnp/index_en.html
• http//europa.eu.int/comm/education/Tuning
• Abe H Wiseman R L (1983) A cross-cultural
  confirmation of the dimensions of intercultural
  effectiveness. International Journal of
  Intercultural Relations, Vol 7. pp. 53-67, 1983
• Smith Berg ( 1997) Cross-cultural groups at
  work. European Management Journal Vol. 15 no. 1
  pp 8-15
• Hammer M R et al (1978) Dimensions of
  intercultural effectiveness An exploratory
  study. International journal of Intercultural
  Relations 1978, 2, 382-393