Construction Systems

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Construction Systems
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Construction

• Producing a building or other structure at the
  location it will be used.

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4 Major Types of Construction

• Residential
• Single Family Housing
• Apartments
• Town House/ Condo
• Duplex

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4 Major Types of Construction

• Industrial
• Factories

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4 Major Types of Construction

• Public Works
• Construction funded by Federal, State and/or
  Local tax.
• Schools
• Airports
• Highways
• Bridges

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4 Major Types of Construction

• Commercial
• Construction for privately owned business
• Office building
• Restaurants
• Shopping malls/ centers
• Supermarkets

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New Construction

• Structures built from the ground up

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Renovations

• Construction to an existing structure. Sometimes
  done for cosmetic reasons only.

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Effects on the US economy

• 1997 value of single family housing
• 146 billion dollars

• New construction 118 Billion
• Renovations 23 Billion

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Construction Systems

• Seven Resources of Technology

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7 Resources of Technology

• People

• Architect- Designer/ produces Drawings
• Engineers- Adds technical details related to
  strength and function of the structure. (Civil,
  HVACR)
• General Contractor (GC)- Construction company
  responsible for the construction project.
• Estimator- Prepares bids for the GC
• Trades People- Carpenter, plumber, electrician,
  masons
• Project Supervisor/ Manager- Supervises all
  facets of the project.
• Consumer- Person paying for the construction.

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7 Resources of Technology

• Knowledge / Information- plans and
  specifications, training, education
• Materials- wood, concrete, steel, glass
• Tools Machines- hand tools, power tools, heavy
  equipment
• Energy- electricity to power tools, petroleum to
  power heavy equipment
• Capital- land costs, Mortgage, materials, labor
  wages, tools equipment
• Time- Labor times, scheduling of phases of
  construction

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Construction Systems

• Design Process
• Identifying needs and wants, developing
  possible solutions and plans.

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Residential needs

• Size of family (number of bedrooms/ baths)
• Home office
• Special interests (hobbieswoodworking)
• Extra space for entertaining (large family room,
  guest room)
• Budget (What can the family afford)
• Location of home (city or rural)

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Selecting the construction site

• Land costs
• Taxes
• Location (schools, city, rural)
• Condition of the land- topography
• Utilities- electric, gas, telephone, water
• Zoning- Commercial, residential, industrial
• Size and shape of property (will structure fit)

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CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS
PROCESS CONTINUED

• Land Preparation.

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LAND PREPERARTION

• Survey the site.

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Survey
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B. Clear and Grade the land
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Grade according to survey
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C. Remove unwanted structures

• Use of heavy equipment
• -Bulldozers, crane and wrecking ball
• Controlled Explosions
• -Implosions

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D. Remove unwanted materials

• Steel
• Concrete
• Trees
• Brush

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CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS
PROCESS CONTINUED

• Building the Substructure
• Part of structure below ground level

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Slab Foundation- Thick layer of concrete
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Spread Footing-A wide section of concrete at the
base of a concrete or block wall.
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Basement Wall on Spread Footing
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Like legs or stilts made of steel, wood or
concrete driven into the ground
PILES
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Floating
Carousel Center
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Floating Slab

• The weight of the dirt removed from under the
  structure equals the weight of the structure
  itself.

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CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS
PROCESS CONTINUED

• Building the Superstructure
• Part of structure above ground

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A. Framed Superstructure
Uses skeleton frame work for support and strength.
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B. Bearing Wall Superstructure
Structures built with concrete, block or stone
walls. Has no framed members.
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C. Mass Superstructure
Little or no space inside the structure
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Output Finished structure
Impacts on society and the environment

• Provides shelter
• Provides jobs
• Possible threat to natural environmental features
  and wildlifedestruction of animal habitats

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Monitors

• Inspectors
• Inspection of construction for local government
• Contractors and Engineers
• Consumer
• Final walk through
• Provides feedback

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Adjustment

• Compare output to input
• Changes will be made to achieve desired results
  (input).

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ERGONOMICS
The science of arranging or designing things for
efficient use by people (human body).