Webbased VR Training Simulator for Percutaneous Rhizotomy

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Web-based VR Training Simulator for Percutaneous
Rhizotomy
MMVR
Ying Li, Ken Brodlie and Nicholas Phillips
http//www.scs.leeds.ac.uk/vis/ying/
School of Computer Studies, University of Leeds,
UK
Department of Neurosurgery, Leeds General
Infirmary, UK
January 29, 2000
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Contents

• Motivation

• Surgical procedure

• The simulator

• Conclusions

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Motivation

• The limitation of current VR training
  systems

Dedicated, expensive equipment

• The advantages of web based VR environment

Accessible, scalable, low cost

• It is possible

VRML
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The Surgical Procedure - Percutaneous Rhizotomy
Insert needle electrode at correct position
orientation on face
Locate puncture foramen ovale to access and
burn ganglion nerve
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Why is Simulation Useful

• Highly skilled operation

Especially to locate foramen ovale

• Awkward to train new staff

Patient awake for part of the procedure

• Risky

Dissection of carotid artery will affect blood
supply to brain
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Our Simulator

• A simple web-based simulator

• Aims to be an adjunct to training of
  neurosurgeons

Shorten period of training
Understanding of procedure and risks involved
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The Simulator - Architecture

• Client-based system

Download self-contained simulation to client
Web Server
download
VRML world extended with Java EAI to provide
simulation
Browser
Single download, no dependency on network
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The Simulator - Virtual World

• Extend reality by multiple views

From the eye of the surgeon
From the eye of the needle electrode
Eye of the surgeon
Eye of the needle
Java EAI
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The Simulator - Simulating The Surgical Practice

• Place landmarks

• Virtual planes

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The Simulator - Manipulating The Tools

• Controller

• Rotate and translate

according to rules of surgical procedure

• Three VRML worlds

co-ordinated through Java EAI
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The Simulator - Hitting The Target

• Collision detection between

objects not supported in VRML
Only collision with viewer
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Success
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Oops.
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Conclusion

• Client-based WWW surgical training
  system is fast, cheap,

• Collision detection between needle and
  multiple complex objects is efficient

• Various surgical tasks have been simulated

• Complexity versus ease of use ?