RACIAL PROFILING DATA ANALYSIS STUDY: SAPD RESPONSE

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RACIAL PROFILING DATA ANALYSIS STUDYSAPD
RESPONSE

• January, 2004

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Proactive Racial Profiling Data Collection

• Texas SB1074, which became law on 09/01/2001
• Prohibits racial profiling by Texas peace
  officers.
• Requires agencies to collect stop data.
• Tier 1 data document race on each citation (by
  1/1/02)
• Tier 2 data additional data on searches, etc.
  (by 1/1/03)
• SAPD began collecting both Tier 1 and Tier 2 stop
  data on January 1, 2002.
• SAPD voluntarily initiated a study of the
  collected data in 2003 (the Lamberth study).

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Why SAPD Makes Stops

• Traffic Law Violations
• Officers stop vehicles that are in violation of
  the law.
• Studies and court cases cited by Lamberth show an
  average of 95 of all vehicles are in violation
  of traffic laws and are subject to being stopped
  by officers.
• Other Visible Violation
• Officer observes vehicle or pedestrian suspect
  committing violation (such as narcotics
  buying/selling, loitering for prostitution,
  criminal mischief, assault, etc.)

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Why SAPD Makes Stops

• Crime Suspect
• Person matches description of a suspect in a
  crime.
• Person exhibits suspicious behavior.
• Wanted Person
• Person recognized by officer as having warrants
  for arrest.
• Citizen Complaints and Calls for Service

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Lamberth Study Recommendations

• Continue collecting stop data.
• SAPD is continuing to collect data.
• Make changes in data collection to include
• Note criminal record of persons stopped.
• Indicate a request for a consent search.
• Indicate third party information stop.
• SAPD is adding these fields to the data
  collection.
• Consider officer training specifically oriented
  to racial profiling.
• SAPD officers currently receive 4 hours training
  a year specifically oriented to racial profiling.

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Lamberth Study Recommendations

• Continue to work closely with the community
  groups.
• Community involvement is the essence of SAPDs
  Community Oriented Policing philosophy.
• Encourage officers to call in more traffic stops.
• It is our current policy, and supervisors are
  reminding officers to comply with the policy.
• Monitor high odds ratio locations.

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High Odds Ratio Locations

• Four locations were high for Black stops, and two
  locations were high for Hispanics.
• BLACK HISPANIC
• Lombrano/Hamilton North Star Mall
• Broadway/Mulberry W. Military/Hwy 90
• IH 10/Fredericksburg Rd
• IH 10/Wurzbach

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The High Odds Locations

• All six High Odds Locations have the following
  in common
• All were in high crime areas in 2001 and 2002.
• All were MAP Target Areas during 2002 and
  continued to be targets during 2003.
• 3. Four of the areas include Patrol Districts
  that were in the top 25 for All Crimes or
  Violent Crimes during 2002.
• 4. Three include Patrol Districts that were in
  the top 25 for Narcotics Arrests during 2002.

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HIGH CRIME AREAS IN 2001

• SAPD TARGETS CRIME

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HIGH ODDS AREAS AND MAP TARGET AREAS IN 2002
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MAP Target Area Strategies

• Directed Patrol Additional Patrol officers are
  deployed to investigate all suspicious
  activities/persons.
• Target street narcotics traffickers, repeat
  offenders and wanted persons.
• Utilize technology to decrease crime (PIPS, GIS,
  Laptops).
• Community support/participation (COP, VIP,
  Neighborhood Watch)

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Racial Profiling Complaints

• During 2002, SAPD Internal Affairs received 1
  Racial/Bias Profiling Complaint.
• Evidence did not support the allegation.
• During 2003, IA received 2 Racial/Bias Profiling
  Complaints (2 separate incidents involving 4
  officers)
• Evidence did not support the allegations.

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Summary/Conclusions

• The results of this study are some of the best in
  the country.
• Virtually no evidence for targeting of either
  Blacks or Hispanics.
• Disparities are lower than those found in most
  other jurisdictions.
• From 2001 to 2002, there was an increase in
  traffic citations and in warning tickets.

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Summary/Conclusions

• Searches of Hispanics indicated no evidence of
  any targeting.
• The percentage of Black motorists consensually
  searched appears higher than would be expected,
  due to
• Three reasons Most in East with high officers
  per capita increased number stopped by Directed
  Patrols higher percentage of Black individuals
  on probation or parole.
• This is not the end,
• just a good beginning.

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Community GroupsSAPD met with the following
community groups during the development of the
Departmental Racial Profiling policy and
continues to meet with them during the data
analysis process

• LULAC
• MALDEF
• Metro Alliance
• NAACP
• National Council of La Raza
• National Organization of Women
• Texas Criminal Justice Reform Coalition

• ACLU
• Advocacy Inc.
• Anti-Defamation League
• Baptist Ministers Union
• Bexar Co. DAs Office
• COPS
• Gay Lesbian Community Center
• Jewish Federation

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Update Use of Force

• The Use of Force form has been modified to
  capture key information for future analysis.
• Enhanced supervisory oversight has been
  implemented in departmental policy.
• Officers will document citizen resistance.
• A dual Use of Force Continuum has been
  implemented into departmental policy and training
  curriculum.
• A new Internal Affairs database was created to
  track Use of Force Incidents and officer
  complaints.
• Officers receiving one sustained Force complaint
  are automatically considered for the Early
  Warning System.

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Discussion

• End of Racial Profiling Presentation