Plant Organs

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Plant Organs

• Roots
• Stems
• Leaves
• Flowers
• Fruits
• Seeds

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Flower

• SepalsCalyx
• PetalsCorolla
• StamensAndroecium
• anther filament
• PistilsGynecium
• stigma, style, ovary (egg)

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Flower
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Magnoliaceae

• Primitive flower - blending of flower parts
  spirally arranged
• fossils, embryology, modern plants Degeneria
• Carpel - primitive pistil

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Carpel Formation
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Placentation

• Parietal
• Axial
• Free Central

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Number of carpels

• 1. Lines on the outside of the pistil
• 2. One stigma lobe per carpel
• 3. Number of locules (if not free central

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• Flower Symmetry

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Inflorescence Types arrangement of flowers
on the flowering stem

• Solitary - one flower per peduncle
• Terminal
• Axillary

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Inflorescence Types arrangement of flowers
on the flowering stem

• Many Flowered - More than one flower per
  inflorescence
• spike
• Raceme

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Inflorescence Types arrangement of flowers
on the flowering stem

• Many Flowered - More than one flower per
  inflorescence
• Panicle
• Much branched
• Corymb
• Outer flowers
• oldest

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Inflorescence Types arrangement of flowers
on the flowering stem

• Many Flowered - More than one flower per
  inflorescence
• Cyme
• Middle flowers
• oldest
• Umbel
• All come of
• Peduncle apex

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Inflorescence Types arrangement of flowers
on the flowering stem

• Many Flowered - More than one flower per
  inflorescence
• Head
• Dense, rounded with many sessile flowers

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Inflorescence Types

• Determinate
• Oldest flowers toward the top
• Indeterminate
• Oldest flowers toward the bottom

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Inflorescence Types
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Ovary Position
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Ovary Position
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Stem - Branch

• Bud - embryonic branch

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Leaves
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Leaves - Margins
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Hairs - Glands
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Leaf Position
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Underground Roots/Stems
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Woody vs Herbaceous

• Woody -
• Shrubs (fruticose)
• Trees
• arboreous - well developed trunk
• arborescent - gt 20 feet but main trunk
  short
• Vines- climbing with tendrils

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Woody Perennials

• Apical Dominance
• Age of Branch
• Age of Tree

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Fruit (Pericarp) ripened ovary

• Exocarp, Mesocarp, Endocarp

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Fruit Types

• Fleshy
• Hip - cluster on achenes in a hypanthium
• Pome - from a compound, inferior ovary with a
  thick fleshy receptacle

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Fruit Types

• Fleshy

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Fruit Types

• Dry Indehiscent
• Achene - 1-seeded, connected to the pericarp at a
  single point
• Samar (Shizocarp)- 1-seeded winged achene

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Fruit Types

• Dry Indehiscent
• Acorn - 1-seeded, with a hard coat surrounded
  by a cap of hard bracts
• Nut - 1-seeded, hard coat

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Fruit Types

• Dry Indehiscent

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Fruit Types

• Dry Dehiscent
• Capsule - multiple carpeled, opening in various
  ways
• Follicle - 1-carpelated fruit splitting down 1
  side

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Fruit Types

• Dry Dehiscent
• Legume - 1-celled, 1-carpelated, splitting on 2
  sides
• Sillicle (sillique)- short, 2-locular fruit with
  each half separating from one another with a thin
  septum

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Fruit Types

• Dry Dehiscent

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Fruit Types

• Simple - from one ovary
• Compound
• Aggregate
• from many pistils
• Accessory
• from many pistils
• fleshy receptacle
• Multiple
• from many flowers

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Life Cycle Durations

• Annual - one year of less
• Biennial - 2 years
• Perennial - more than 2 years

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Plant Structure Coalescence

• Connate -
• Same kinds of structures coalesce
• Adnate -
• Different kinds of structures coalesce

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Plant Structure Coalescence

• Synpetalous -
• Corolla tube
• Synsepalous -
• Calyx tube
• Apetalous ?

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Plant Structure Coalescence

• Filaments
• Monodelphus - all stamens coalesce
• Diadelphus - 2 stamens coalesce
• Polydelphus - many stamen coalesce