PREGNANCY AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

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PREGNANCY ANDHUMAN DEVELOPMENT

• Chapter 28

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Stages of Development
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Accomplishing Fertilization

• Fertilizationfusion of sperm and egg to produce
  a zygote
• Most sperm never make it to the egg!
• Fertilization requires capacitation

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Completion of Meiosis II
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Cleavage
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Implantation of the Blastocyst
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Placenta Formation and Embryonic Development
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Embryonic Membranes

• Amnion
• Chorion
• Allantois
• Yolk sac

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Placental Formation
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Hormonal Changes
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Embryonic Development
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Fetal Development
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Development of Fetal Circulation
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Fetal Development
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Fetal Development
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Effects of PregnancyAnatomical Changes
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Effects of PregnancyHormonal Changes

• Human Placental Lactogen (hPL)
• Human Chorionic Thyrotropin (hCT)

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Effects of PregnancyPhysiological Changes

• Morning sickness
• Heartburn
• Constipation
• Increased urine output
• Frequency
• Urgency
• Stress incontinence
• Increased respiratory rate

• Increased vital capacity
• Dyspnea
• Decreased residual volume
• Increased blood volume
• Edema
• Hypertension
• Increased cardiac output

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Parturition Initiation of Labor
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Parturition Stages of Labor
Dilation stage
Expulsion and Placental stages
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Parturition Lactation
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Homeostatic Imbalance

• Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
• Dystocia
• Spontaneous abortion
• Induced abortion
• Eclampsia
• Ectopic pregnancy
• Placenta abruption
• Placenta previa