Biochemistry

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Biochemistry 211
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Dr. Elizabeth L. Gross 725 Biosciences 292-9480
gross.3_at_osu.edu Office Hours T R 1-3 PM
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TA Esmael Haddadian 725 Biosciences
haddadian.1_at_osu.edu Office hours M W 1-3 PM
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What do you need to know?
What do you expect to learn?
Biochem. 211 Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Biochem. 212 Metabolism Carbohydrates
Fats
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The 21st century is the century of biology. The
human genome project Molecular medicine Human
performance
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Web site
The lecture notes Reading assignments Exam keys
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Grading 2 Midterms 45 each Pop quizzes
Writing assignments 10 ___________________
____________ Total 100
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Exams Short answer essay (3-4
sentences) 3x5 cheat sheet.
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Text Campbell and Farrell Biochemistry
1. May leave out parts. Detailed assignments
will be on the web site. You are not
responsible for anything in the book that I
did not cover in class.
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• Pay attention to the Essential
• Information
• 3. Pay attention to the Fact Check
• questions at the back of each
• chapter.
• 4. There will be review sheets for
• each chapter.

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• Review of Biology
• Biological hierarchies

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Fig. 1.1
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1. At each higher level the degree of complexity
increases. 2. Each level has properties that can
not be predicted by knowing all properties of the
level below.
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• Review of Biology
• Biological hierarchies
• Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

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Fig. 1.10
Prokaryotic cells
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Eukaryotic cells
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Table 1.3 Comparison of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
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• Review of Biology
• Biological hierarchies
• Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
• Life has a blueprint (information)
• DNA
• deoxyribonucleic acid

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• Review of Biology
• Biological hierarchies
• Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
• Life has a blueprint (information)
• DNA
• deoxyribonucleic acid
• 4. Living things need energy
• ATP, adenosine triphosphate

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• Review of Chemistry
• Types of bonds
• Covalent, ionic, polar covalent

Molecules are formed because atoms want to
complete their outer shell.
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How many electrons are found in the outer shell
of Atom C N H O Na Cl
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How many electrons are found in the outer shell
of Atom Electrons C 4 N 5 H 1 O 6 Na 1 Cl
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How many electrons are found in the outer shell
of Atoms Electrons Bonds C 4 4 N 5 3
H 1 1 O 6 2 Na 1 1 Cl 7
1
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Covalent bonds share electrons.
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Campbell and Reese Biology, 6th. Edition. Neil A.
Campbell, Jane B. Reece Benjamin Cummings San
Francisco 2002
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Ionic bonds (stolen electrons)
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(No Transcript)
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Polar covalent bonds - Unequal sharing
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Electronegativity
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• Review of Chemistry
• Types of bonds
• Covalent, ionic, polar covalent
• 2. Organic chemistry the chemistry
• of carbon - Hydrocarbons

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Hydrocarbons (only C and H)

• Chain length (of carbons)
• Branching
• Rings
• Double bonds

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H
Methane CH4 H-C-H H
H H H-C-C-H H H
Ethane C2H6
1. Vary in chain length
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H H H H-C-C-C-H H H H
Propane C3H8
CH3CH2CH3
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H H H H H-C-C-C-C-H H H H H
Butane C4H10
2. Branching
Isobutane C4H10 H H H
H-C-C-C-H
H H
H-C-H
H
Isomers
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Rings
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
Sometimes the Hs are left Out.
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Double and Triple Bonds
Single Bond
H H H-C-C-H H H
Ethane C2H6
Double Bond Ethylene C2H4
H H CC H H
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Triple Bond Acetylene C2H2 H-CC-H
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Whaat is the function of hydrocarbons?

• Energy

• Provide backbone or skeleton
• for organic molecules.

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• Review of Chemistry
• Types of bonds
• Covalent, ionic, polar covalent
• 2. Organic chemistry the chemistry
• of carbon Hydrocarbons
• 3. Functional groups

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Functioonal group a group of atoms that
confers specific physical or chemical
properties on a molecule.
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• Functional groups
• Hydroxyl
• Carbonyl
• Carboxyl
• Amino
• Sulfhydryl
• Phosphate

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1. Hydroxyl -OH alcohol
Ethanol
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2. Carbonyl -CO Aldehydes Ketones
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Aldehydes
Acetaldehyde
O

CH3CH2CH
Ketones
Acetone
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• Carboxyl O
• C-OH
• O

Acetic acid
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4. Amino groups -NH3 CH3CH2NH3
ethylamine
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Sulfhydryl groups -SH
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Phosphate groups
Phosphoric ester
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Molecules interact through their Functional
groups.
Ester
O
CH3OH

Carboxylic acid alcohol
H2O
Ester