HIV

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HIV

• STRUCTURE
• INFECTION CYCLE

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HIV GENOME

• GENETIC INFORMATION - RNA - RIBONUCLEIC ACID
• GENOME - SET OF INSTRUCTIONS IN RNA TO MAKE HIV

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HIV GENES

• STRUCTURAL 3
• GAG - CORE
• POL - RT - REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE
• ENV - ENVELOPE - COAT
• REGULATORY 6
• TAT, REV, NEF, VIF, VPI, VPU

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HIV INFECTION CYCLE

• I - ATTACHMENT/ENTRY
• II - REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION
• III - DNA INTEGRATION
• IV - REPRODUCTION OF HIV

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HIV LIFE CYCLE

• http//hopkins-aids.edu/hiv_lifecycle/hivcycle_txt
  .html

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I - ATTACHMENT/ENTRY

• HIV COAT PROTEIN
• GP 120
• CELL COAT PROTEINS
• CD4 - RECEPTOR
• CCR-5 - CORECEPTOR

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II - REVERSE TRANSCIPTION

• HIV RNA COPIED TO HIV DNA
• RT - REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE ENZYME

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III - HIV DNA INTEGRATION

• HIV DNA TO CELLS DNA
• INTEGRATED HIV HIV PROVIRUS
• CELL PERMANENTLY INFECTED

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IV - HIV INFECTION

• ACTIVE - GENE EXPRESSION AND VIRUS ASSEMBLY -
  RELEASE OF THOUSANDS OF HIV, CELL DIES
• INACTIVE - LATENT - NO GENE EXPRESSION
• TROJAN HORSE - VECTOR FOR HIV SPREAD THROUGHOUT
  BODY AND FOR LATER PRODUCTION OF HIV

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IMMUNE SYSTEM

• MACROPHAGES - INGEST, DIGEST AND DISPLAY FOREIGH
  BACTERIA, VIRUSES, - BECOME ANTIGEN PRESENTING
  CELL APC
• APC NOTIFIES CD4 T CELL, T4 CELL
• T4 CELL - CONDUCTOR OF IMMUNE
• NOTIFY B AND T8

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B CELLS

• PRODUCE ANTIBODY
• ANTIBODY LEADS TO KILLING OF FREE VIRUS

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T8 CELLS

• T8 CELLS BECOME T-KILLER CELLS
• T-KILLER CELLS KILL HIV INFECTED CELLS

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HIV AND IMMUNODEFICIENCY

• HIV INFECTS AND KILLS T4 CELLS
• T4 CONDUCTOR
• HIV ACTIVE AND PROGRESSIVE - KILLS UP TO 1
  BILLION T4 CELLS PER DAY PER 10 YEARS

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HIV AVOIDS IMMUNE CLEARANCE

• MUTATION - INFECTION BY 1, TO THOUSANDS OF TYPES
  - SWARM - CHANGE COAT - EVADE IMMUNE
• HIV SANCTUARIES
• CELLULAR - INACTIVE PROVIRUS
• ANATOMICAL - CNS

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VARIABILITY IN OUTCOME

• RAPID/TYPICAL/NON-PROGRESSOR
• INDIVIDUAL VARIATION
• RESISTANCE TO INFECTION
• VIRAL VARIATION
• STRONG/WEAK STRAINS

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RESISTANCE TO INFECTION

• CCR-5 - HIV-1 CO-RECEPTOR
• DCCR-5 - HIV-1 CANT ATTACH
• MUTANT DCCR5 GENE
• 2 - RESISTANT TO INFECTION
• 1 - SLOWS INFECTION/PROGRESSION
• 0 - NORMAL INFECTION

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WEAK HIV STRAIN

• SYDNEY BLOOD BANK - SYDNEY COHORT - 1 MALE BLOOD
  DONOR - HIV - 81-84
• DONOR 6 TRANSFUSION RECIPIENTS - ASYMPTOMATIC,
  STABLE T4 CELL NUMBER, LOW VIRAL LOAD, 10 - 14
  YEARS
• ATTENUATED - SIMILAR TO SIV D 3