MICR 505 Immunobiology

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MICR 505 Immunobiology

• Course Director Dr. Daniel Conrad
• dconrad_at_vcu.edu
• Required textbook Immunobiology The Immune
  System in Health Disease 6th ed by Janeway et
  al.

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Course guidelines

• Website for course is http//www.courses.vcu.edu/
  micr505/
• Syllabi as pdf files are on website as well as
  the lecture schedule. Powerpoint files for
  lectures are on the site and any outside reading
  unless told otherwise. Syllabi pdf and ppt files
  can be updated up to lecture time, so check
  (refresh) frequently.
• Syllabi pdf, ppts and outside reading are under
  lecture notes heading.
• Assigned Readings from textbook are listed on
  individual syllabi.

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Course guidelines

• Check website for announcements updates
• Four non-cumulative exams. Exam schedule is on
  website.
• Exams have a three-hour time limit. Exam style
  is essay One question per lecture with
  (usually) 10 questions of which the two lowest
  scores will be dropped.
• Last year's four exams are on website under
  exams Use these as study guides.

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Vaccination

• Concept Immune response can be specifically
  manipulated, so the memory adaptive response will
  prevent a specific infectious disease.
• Name comes from Vaccinia the virus family that
  causes smallpox.
• Countless lives have been saved as a result of
  vaccination.

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On May 14, 1796, Sarah Nelmes, a milkmaid, came
to Jenner with cowpox. He devised a brave and
dangerous experiment. He passed on the cowpox
disease to James Phipps, his gardener's son, by
scratching the boy's skin with infected metal
(vaccination). When James recovered from cowpox,
Jenner tried to give him smallpox. James failed
to contract the smallpox disease.
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Functions of Immune System

• Elimination of anything that is non-self from the
  body
• Pathogens, tumors transplants
• Wound healing
• Bruises, cuts, bites burns

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General Concepts

• Antigen is any substance capable of causing an
  immune response.
• Immune system normally responds to non-self
  (foreign), but not to self antigens.
• All types of immunity participate in des-troying
  or eliminating antigen from body.
• One type of immunity may be more protective than
  another.
• Immune responses are not always beneficial and
  can cause tissue damage or death.

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Cooperation for an effective immune response
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Figure 1-7
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Leukocytes enter tissues and organs
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Immune responses are not always beneficial
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Not Antigen Specific
Antigen Specific
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Innate or Natural Immunity

• Defense mechanisms existing before antigen
  exposure - Rapid onset
• Does not distinguish among antigens - Not antigen
  specific
• Promotes initiation of acquired responses
• No enhanced response on second antigen exposure -
  No memory
• Examples Physical barriers, inflammation,
  natural killer cells

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Inflammation
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Acquired or Adaptive Immunity

• Defense mechanisms stimulated or induced by
  antigen exposure - Delayed onset
• Distinguishes among antigens - Antigen specific
• May enhance innate immune responses
• Enhanced responses upon subsequent antigen
  exposure - Memory
• Examples Lymphocytes antibodies

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Antigen transported to lymph node where acquired
response starts
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Types of Acquired Immunity

• Humoral - Major component in plasma or serum of
  blood
• Proteins called antibodies are specific for
  antigen
• Function to eliminate antigens
• Important for extracellular pathogens
• Cell-Mediated - Major component lymphocytes
  specific for antigen
• Kill infected cells produce cytokines
• Cannot be adoptively transferred with serum
• Important for intracellular pathogens

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Types of Acquired Immunity
Outcome
Humoral
CMI
CMI
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Characteristics of Acquired Immunity

• Exquisite Specificity - Due to variable regions
  of antigen receptors expressed by B T cells
• Huge Diversity - Due to huge number of different
  antigen receptors of B T cells
• Regulation - Immune responses are self-limiting
  and stop
• Distinguishes Self vs. Non-Self - Tolerance to
  self antigens
• Memory - Enhanced immune response on second
  exposure to antigen

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Types of Immunizations

• Passive - Transfer of specific immunity from
  immunized person to non-immune person
• Transfer of serum or cells
• Immediate but short-term protection
• Mainly used in life-threatening situations
• Natural form Maternal antibodies in newborns
• Active - Individuals immune system involved in
  developing acquired immunity
• Delayed onset long-term protection
• Basis for vaccinations

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Figure 1-23