INCORPORATING IK INTO KERLAS TENTH

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INCORPORATING IK INTO KERLAS TENTH FIVE YEAR
PLAN -A CASE STUDY
PROF. G. M. NAIR, DIRECTOR
 Tropical Botanic Garden and Research
Institute Pacha-Palode, Thiruvananthapuram 695562,
Kerala, India www.tbgri.org gmnair_at_rediffmail.com

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GENESIS OF THE PROGRAMME

• ORGANISED A PRE-WORKSHOP BRAIN STORMING SESSION
  ON
• INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE STRATEGIES FOR
  KERALA,
• AT GOVERNMENT SECRETARIAT,
  THIRUVANANTHAPURAM,
• UNDER THE CHAIRMANSHIP OF HONBLE CHIEF
  
• MINISTER OF KERALA SRI A. K. ANTONY , ON
• 20TH SEPTEMBER 2002 THROUGH ASSISTANCE FROM
• WORLD BANK IK GROUP
• SENIOR BUREAUCRATS OF GOVERNMENT
• OF KERALA, HEADS OF DEPARTMENTS, PLANNERS,
• SENIOR SCIENTISTS, REPRESENTATIVES FROM WORLD
• BANK IK GROUP AND DELEGATES FROM KENYA,
• UGANDA AND ETHIOPIA PARTICIPATED.

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RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE BRAIN STORMING SESSION

• IDENTIFY A NODAL AGENCY FOR ADVISING THE
  GOVERNMENT, FOR IMPLEMENTING IK PROGRAMMES
• PREPARE AN INVENTORY OF IK FROM DIFFERENT
  SECTIONS OF THE COMMUNITIES
• PRIORITISE IK FOR SHORT TERM AND LONG TERM
  PROJECT PROPOSALS
• EAR MARK A CERTAIN PERCENTAGE OF BUDGETARY
  PROVISION FROM CONCERNED DEPARTMENTAL ALLOCATIONS
  FOR IK RELATED ACTIVITIES
• SUBMIT TO THE GOVERNMENT OF KERALA AND THE KERALA
  STATE PLANNING BOARD, CONCRETE RECOMMENDATIONS
  FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF IK RELATED ACTIVITIES IN
  THE 10TH PLAN

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FOLLOW UP PROGRAMME

• ORGANISED A WORKSHOP ON INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE
  STRATEGIES FOR KERALA FROM 7-9 OCTOBER 2002, AT
  THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, WITH THE SUPPORT OF IK
  PROGRAMME, WORLD BANK, WASHINGTON DC.
• WORKSHOP WAS INAUGURATED BY HONBLE CHIEF
  MINISTER OF KERALA STATE, SRI A. K. ANTONY
• SRI V. RAMACHANDRAN, VICE-CHAIRMAN, KERALA STATE
  PLANNING BOARD DELIVERED THE KEY-NOTE ADDRESS
• SRI S. M. VIJAYANAND, SECRETARY, PLANNING AND
  ECONOMIC AFFAIRS, GOVERNMENT OF KERALA WAS ALSO
  PRESENT ON THE OCCASION
• ATTENDED BY ABOUT 120 INVITEES, WHO ARE EXPERTS
  IN THEIR RESPECTIVE AREAS. PLANNERS,
  BUREAUCRATS, SCIENTISTS, ACADEMICIANS, FARMERS,
  MEDIA-PERSONS, TECHNOLOGISTS, TRIBALS AND
  TRADITIONAL MEDICAL PRACTITIONERS.

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TRADITIONAL FIRE DANCE
FOLK DANCE
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OBJECTIVE

• THE WORKSHOP WAS ORGANISED WITH A VIEW TO DEVELOP
  CONCRETE IK BASED PROPOSALS FOR SUBMISSION
  TO THE KERALA STATE PLANNING BOARD,
  SO THAT THESE PROPOSALS COULD BE
  INCORPORATED INTO THE 10TH FIVE YEAR PLAN.

OUTCOME
SPECIFIC SHORT-TERM AND LONGTERM PROPOSALS,
SUBMITTED AFTER DISCUSSION AND DEBATE BY VARIOUS
GROUPS AND PANELS DURING THE WORKSHOP, WERE
SUBMITTED TO THE GOVERNMENT OF KERALA.
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Diversity of Indigenous Knowledge (IK) TOPICS
DISCUSSED
IK in
Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization
Agriculture
Health care
Animal husbandry
Fisheries
Art Culture
Architecture
Rural technology etc.
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ACTION
INTEGRATING WITH 10TH FIVE YEAR PLAN, KERALA
STATE PLANNING BOARD SANCTIONED A PROJECT ON
PROMOTION OF TRADITIONAL TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE VIDE
ORDER NO. A1-7033/03/SPB. DATED 23/10/2003 AT A
TOTAL COST OF RUPEES 30 LAKHS, DURING THE YEAR
2003 AND 2004

• FACILITATING INSTITUTIONS IN KERALA
• TROPICAL BOTANIC GARDEN AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE,
  PALODE, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM.
• KERALA FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THRISSUR
• KERALA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, THRISSUR
• CENTRE FOR WATER RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT AND
  MANAGEMENT (CWRDM), KOZHIKODE
• KIRTADS, KOZHIKODE
• AHADS, PALAKKAD

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INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE
Indigenous Knowledge (IK) is a community based
functional knowledge system developed,
preserved and refined by generations of people
through continuous interaction, observation and
experimentation with their surrounding
environment. It is a dynamic system,
ever-changing,adapting and adjusting to the
local situations and has close links with the
culture, civilization and religious practices
of the communities. IK covers all spheres of
human activity such as art, literature,
health, education, agriculture, environment etc.

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INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE
Real observers/ protectors/ beneficiaries of
Biodiversity is Indigenous/ local communities.
Indigenous knowledge on biodiversity is the
asset of the country which ensures the food,
health and economic security of the nation.
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IK related to traditional medicine in India
Source
Classical Health Tradition (CHT)
Oral Health Tradition (OHT)

• Traditionally trained folk healers/ village
  physicians
• Not traditionally trained but experienced in
  certain health practices
  (eg.Dai,bonesetters,specialists in treating
  poisons, jaundice, mental disorders)
• Aged people or different ethnic communities
  including women treating the patients based on
  the knowledge acquired from their predecessors.
• Individuals who acquired(educated group)
  certain knowledge from their predecessors.
• Tribal- tribal communities/ physicians/ aged
  individuals.

• Vedic / classical texts and treatise like
• Rigveda, Atharvaveda, Charakasamhita
• (Text on ancient Indian Medicine)
• Susrutha samhita (Text on ancient Indian surgery
  ),Ashtangahridaya ((Text on ancient Indian
  medicine surgery) other numerous related text
  books in both sanskrit and
• regional languages

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• PRECISE OBJECTIVES
• Survey, collection, inventory and documentation
  of tribal / local / folk medicines of the
  districts of Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam and
  Pathanamthitta.
• Recording of traditional use and knowledge
  system on the local flora.
• Study, analysis and organisation of the data and
  preparation of computerised database.
• Preparation of report on the indigenous /
  traditional use of medicinal plants.

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METHODOLOGY
TRAINING / AWARENESS ON DOCUMENTATION OF IK
(INSTITUTE LEVEL)
TRAINING/ AWARENESS ON IK DOCUMENTATION
(PANCHAYATH LEVEL)
RAPPORT ESTABLISHMENT WITH LOCAL BODY MEMBERS AND
OWNERS OF IK
TEAM BUILDING AND VISION DEVELOPMENT
ENTRY TO PANCHAYATH
INTERVIEW / MEETING WITH INDIVIDUALS/ IK HOLDERS
IK DOCUMENTATION
DATA POOLING AND ANALYSIS
PREPARATION OF DATABASE
SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
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Documentation of Indigenous Knowledge (IK)
  LOCATION OF THE STUDY AREA   The study area is
in the Southern Zone of Kerala, comprising the
districts of Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam and
Pathanamthitta
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CONTACT PROGRAMME AT INSTITUTE LEVEL
ONE DAY SEMINAR ON IK AWARENESS HELD AT TBGRI ON
8TH DECEMBER 2003
Inaugural address Dr.G.M.Nair Director, TBGRI
Presidential Address Shri.Ozhukupara
Aziz,Member, Peringammala Gramapanchayath
A view of the audience
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Theme lecture Dr.S.Rajasekharan, TBGRI
Introductory remarks

Dr.V.George,TBGRI
Mrs.Ammukkutty amma (82), Birth attendant A
custodian of IK from Peringammala Gramapanchayath
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CONTACT PROGRAMME AT PANCHAYAT LEVEL
ONE DAY SEMINAR ON IK AWARENESS
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IK DOCUMENTATION
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OBSERVATIONS / RESULTS DETAILS OF THE CASE
STUDIES RECORDED (DISEASE WISE)
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OBSERVATIONS / RESULTS DETAILS OF THE CASE
STUDIES RECORDED (DISEASE WISE)
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OBSERVATIONS / RESULTS DETAILS OF THE CASE
STUDIES RECORDED (DISEASE WISE)
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  Example I CASE STUDIES - PERINGAMMALA
GRAMAPANCHAYATH We have recorded case studies
on the following 37 specific diseases, 33
non-specific diseases and 3 other conditions
based on 423 (54 single formulations 369
combinations) information gathered on 287
medicinal plants.
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Example- Disclosed
Tropical Botanic Garden and Research
Institute  DATA SHEET FOR ETHNO-MEDICO-BOTANICAL
SURVEY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS
General Information
 1 Name of tribal settlement and the adjoining
forest area / place surveyed
Kochuvila Peringammala Gramapanchayath
2. Date of Survey
3. Source
a. Oral
b. Documental record
c. Historical importance / mode of transmission
of Indigenous Knowledge (IK).
4. Botanical details
a. Scientific name
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b. Tribal/ local name
Oolan thakara
c. Sanskrit name
d. State of plant
e. Habit
f. Habitat
Open waste land
g. Voucher specimen
(i) Herbarium specimen
(ii) Photograph (Y/N)
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h. Distribution
5. Utility based categorization of the plant
Others specify.
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Indigenous Knowledge
1. Part used
In combination(specify) 10 gm fresh leaves of
Cassia occidentalis 5 gm Allium cepa
2. Collection/ Harvesting
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3. Ingredients
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4. Method of preparation
 1. 10 15 gm dried/ fresh root of Cassia
occidentalis, prepared in the form of paste
administered internally along with 30 - 60 ml
milk. 2. 10 gm fresh leaves of Cassia
occidentalis 5 gm Allium cepa in the form of
pounded mass
5. Administration of Drug.
6. Indications
 7. Alternate plants used if the drug plant is
not available (substitute)
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Consent form
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Tropical Botanic Garden and Research
Institute  DATA SHEET FOR ETHNO-MEDICO-BOTANICAL
SURVEY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS
Example- undisclosed
General Information
 1 Name of tribal settlement and the adjoining
forest area / place surveyed
Elanjium Kani tribal settlement Peringanmala
Gramapanchayath
2. Date of Survey
3. Source
a. Oral
b. Documental record
c. Historical importance / mode of transmission
of Indigenous Knowledge (IK).
4. Botanical details
a. Scientific name
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4. Method of preparation
 1. Decoction 2. Medicated oil 3. Pounded
mass
5. Administration of Drug.
6. Indications
 7. Alternate plants used if the drug plant is
not available (substitute)
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Consent form
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Enumeration of Indigenous knowledge Indigenous
knowledge related to medicinal plants gathered
from Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam and
Pathanamthitta districts are enumerated Panchayat
wise. Example-I (single drug) Botanical
name Ocimum sanctum Linn. Family Lamiace
ae Habit Herb Vernacular name
Krishnatulsi (PML, VTR, KUT, AMB, PDL, SDN,
PPL,
TLK, TKR, AYK, EPR, EMR, KNI, MPA, TND) Parts
used Roots Method of preparation Paste
form. Mode of administration Oral Dosage
5-10 g, twice daily Vehicle
Cows milk Indication Spider poison
(SDN, TKR) During the survey we have collected
62 informations on Tulsi as a single drug to
treat 55 specific and nonspecific diseased
conditions from 15 Grama Panchayats.
PML-Peringammala, VTR-Vithura, KUT-Kuttichal,
AMB-Amboori, PDL-Peringadavila, SDN- Sooranadu
North, PPL-Pooyappalli, TLK-Thevalakkara,
TKR-Trikkaruva, AYK-Aryankavu, EPR-Eraviperoor,
EMR-Ezhuhattoor, KNI-Konni, MPA-Mailapra,
TND-Thannithodu
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Example-II combinations Ingredients Tulsi
(Ocimum sanctum) Leaves Kudukkamooli
(Aristolochia indica)- Roots Kurumulaku
(Piper longum) Seed Jaggery (Palm) Method
of preparation Decoction Mode of
administration Oral Dosage 30 ml, thrice
daily Vehicle ---- Indication Fever
(EMR) Example-III combinations Ingredients
Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) Leaves Kuzhimundan
(Orthosiphon glabratus) Leaves Cheriyaulli
(Allium cepa) Bulb Method of preparation Decoct
ion Mode of administration Oral Dosage 60
ml, thrice daily Vehicle ----
Indication Chickenpox (AMB) In combination,
we have collected 154 information on Tulasi for
treating 62 specific and nonspecific diseased
conditions from 15 Grama Panchayats.
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• CONCLUSIONS / SUGGESTIONS RECOMMENDATIONS
• To conserve / preserve / protect the IK, various
  awareness programmes have to be designed and
  implemented among the people. It is urgent,
  otherwise these knowledge will be wiped out
  gradually due to the changing lifestyle and
  social set up of the people.
• Since scientific documentation of IK is a
  continuing programme, a sectoral wise IK
  documentation wing should be established in the
  respective RD organization currently involved in
  the documentation work.
• A Coordinating Centre may be established at TBGRI
  for coordinating the documentation work and also
  for providing guidelines for preparing new
  policies / legislations, programmes etc to
  protect the IK of Kerala State.
• Digitalizing the IK is the need of the hour to
  save the same from piracy. New policies /
  programmes may be formulated for the preservation
  and protection of IK.

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• CONCLUSIONS / SUGGESTIONS RECOMMENDATIONS
• Develop new programmes / models to integrate IK
  into the planning process through effective
  participation of people at grass root level.
• Develop new models / legislations for protecting
  IK under sui-generis system.
• Encourage and give priority to conduct scientific
  research on IK for developing new technologies /
  new scientifically validated herbal drugs /
  nutraceuticals / other plant based products like
  cosmetics, functional food etc. This will help to
  generate additional income at local / National
  and even at Global level and further it will
  improve our health, food and economic security.
• For patenting the new products arising of IK
  based research studies, a fast track policy may
  be evolved at Govt. level.

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CONCLUSIONS / SUGGESTIONS RECOMMENDATIONS 9.
Explore the possibilities of identifying suitable
funding agencies for the implementation of IK
related activities including documentation at
state level. 10. During the survey we have come
across interesting informations such as
preparation of Thulasi pillow, Thevalakkara Puttu
(a traditional / ethnic food item), several
medicated oil for external application, single /
simple herbal formulations etc. As an out come of
the survey, can we think of a small scale / large
scale production centre for thulasi pillows
having some therapeutic effect like relieving
stress / tension, ensure good sleep, remove lice
etc. as claimed by the people of Peringamala
Panchayat. Can we take up a popularization
programme for production of traditional food
items like Thevalakkara puttu for relieving
back ache as claimed by the people of
Thevalakkara. Can we go for preparing single
/simple herbal combinations for effective
management of primary health care. 11. Another
notable factor recorded was the keen interest
shown by the people during the documentation work
of the IK. Majority of them believe that IK is
very important and it should be conserved /
preserved and should be effectively utilized.
Therefore a separate budgetary provisions may be
provided to the Panchayats to enable them to
implement IK related programmes.
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CONCLUSIONS / SUGGESTIONS RECOMMENDATIONS 12.
The local body members also showed their keen
interest and welcomed the integration of IK into
the planning process. This is to be encouraged
and supported. 13. Documentation of IK should be
undertaken at Panchayat level involving students,
NGOs, Youth and Nature Clubs. Necessary funds
should be made available to them. 14. Whenever
IK is utilized for a profitable / money
generating venture, the IPR of the original
custodians should be respected and there should
be a just and equitable sharing of the
benefit. 15. IK is chiefly applied for problem
solving and as such has sufficient proven
technical and scientific content. This should be
expanded and developed and applied at a larger
scale by creating necessary infrastructure and
facilities.
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Pittosporum neelgherensis (Analivegom) Snake bite
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Barringtonia acutangula (Samudrakai) Sinusitis,
Head ache
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Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Adukkuchemparuthi) Scalp
Hair cleaning (as shampoo / medicated oil)
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Lawsonia inermis (Mylanchi) Jaundice
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Vitex nigundo (Karunochi) Lumbago, Nervous
disorders
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Wrightia tinctoria (Dandapala) Skin diseases
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Eclipta alba (Kaithonni) Anaemia, Hair tonic
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Zingiber zerumbet (Kattuchanna) Insect bite /
Insect repellent
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Cycas circinalis (Kalanga) Health promotive
(edible)
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Caesalpinia bonducella (Kayatti) Intestinal
colic / Hernia
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Pellionia heyneana (Chakklipplan) Snake bite /
Immuno enhancer
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THANK YOU