Immunity

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Immunity Disease

• Ch 38
• Immunity protection against an invading foreign
  substance

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Disease/ Health

• Diseasedis-ease
• Imbalance
• Chronic long term
• Acute short term
• Caused by pathogens environment, genetics,
• poor nutrition

• Health
• Homeostasis
• Proper exercise
• Nutrition
• Stress relief
• Strong Immune System
• Natural Defense

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Pathogen/ Host
Host hostessof the Pathogen party!

• Pathogen
• pathossuffering
• Disease causing agent
• Bacteria
• Virus
• Protist parasite
• Fungus, Mold

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Innate versus Acquired Immunity

• InnateEarly defenses
• WBC Phagocytes Macrophages
• Skin,Tears, Saliva,Mucus, Sweat
• Histamines swelling

• AcquiredBuild up Resistance
• Immune response
• Lymph system
• Antibody /Cellular immunity type of cells
  involved
• Passive/Active type of exposure

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The SkinInnate Immunity
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Acquired Immunity

• Immune System
• Specific
• ActiveNatural exposure elicits immune response
  or vaccination
• Passive from mother or injection of antibodies

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Cells of the Immune Response
Type of cell Innate/Acquired Function
Basophil Eosinophil Neutrophil Innateearly defenses WBC in the blood Attack antigens As phagocytes (surround destroy)
Macrophage Innate WBC in tissues Attack antigens As phagocytes
T-cells Helper Killer Memory Acquired Cellular immunity Antibody immunity Communicate Destroy Remember
B-Memory Plasma Acquired Antibody immunity Remember Make antibodies
Antibodies Antibody immunity Bind to antigens

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Macrophage (WBC) engulfs a bacterium in the
immune system
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Lymph system fluids Macrophage WBC with lymph
nodes
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Antibody/Antigen

• Antibody
• antiagainst
• Bodys reaction to an antigen invasion
• Blood protein
• Made in the immune response by plasma B cells

• Antigen
• Invading foreign substance
• Pathogen or
• Toxic chemical
• Elicits the immune response

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Green antibody battles a red antigen!
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Antigen-antibody complex

• Unique chemical fit
• Once infected the anti body memory is stored
• Immunity or protection when invaded again

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Hybrid cell producing antibodies
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(No Transcript)
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Virulence/ Toxin

• Virulence
• strength of a pathogen to over come the immune
  defenses
• Amount entry
• Length of exposure
• Individuals health

• Toxin
• toxic
• Harmful substance
• Living or dead
• Cause disease

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STD Eubacterium Virus
Syphilis X X
Chlamydeous X X
Gonorrhea X x
Herpes X X
HIV X x
Aids (death) no By common diseases When the immune system fails
Cold x
Flu x
Strep throat x
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AIDS break down of the immune system death
due to common diseases versus death by AIDS virus
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Strep bacteria of Rheumatic Fever
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Germ Theory

• Microorganisms can cause disease
• Microorganism tiny unseen organism
• Louis Pasteur in mid 1800s

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Infection

• A growth of a disease causing organism
• In the host
• Depends upon the
• Persons health
• Amount of infection
• Environmental conditions

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Disinfectant

• Chemicals that kill disease causing
  microorganisms
• Use to sterilize wounds tools
• Discovered by Lister
• Listerine mouthwash

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Medicinal Leeches Blood letting
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Skull boring to drive out evil spirits of an ill
person!
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Penicillin mold anti-bactericide
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Kochs Postulates

• Rules demonstrating
• microorganisms
• cause disease
• Isolate germ
• Grow it in culture
• Inject it
• Look for the disease

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Infectious disease

• Disease transmitted from one individual to
  another
• Spread by
• Water
• Air
• Direct contact

Tuberculosis Lung Disease
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Carrier

• Carry the disease
• But show NO symptoms
• Infectious spread the disease

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Staphylococcus Bacteria

• Causes sore throat
• Spread by carriers
• Also pimples
• Cleanliness is important

Coccus Round shaped bacteria
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Toxin

• Poisons produced by an organism
• Causes harm to other organisms
• Example
• Tetanus bacteria
• Poison Brazilian darts

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Other microorganisms disease

• Viruses
• HIV virus
• Flu virus
• Polio virus
• Protozoans
• Amebic dysentery
• Malaria
• Fungi
• Athletes foot
• Ringworm
• Yeast infections

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Yeast Infections
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Cynobacteria Heterotoph
Makes its own food!
Salmonella Eats others