Being Relevant in Tough Times TRIUMF

1
Being Relevant in Tough TimesTRIUMFs Five-Year
Plan
CANADAS NATIONAL LABORATORY FOR PARTICLE AND
NUCLEAR PHYSICS
Owned and operated as a joint venture by a
consortium of Canadian universities via a
contribution through the National Research
Council Canada

• Introducing Canada
• Overview of TRIUMF
• TRIUMFs Five-Year Plan
• Staying Relevant

• T.I. Meyer, Head, Strategic Planning
  Communications

LABORATOIRE NATIONAL CANADIEN POUR LA RECHERCHE
EN PHYSIQUE NUCLÉAIRE ET EN PHYSIQUE DES
PARTICULES
  Propriété dun consortium duniversités
canadiennes, géré en co-entreprise à partir dune
contribution administrée par le Conseil national
de recherches Canada
2
CANADA
3
Where is Canada?

• Canada is a country occupying most of northern
  North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean
  in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and
  northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the
  world's second largest country by total area
• More than a fair share of famous people are
  Canadian
• Shania Twain, Pamela Anderson, Jim Carrey, Dan
  Akroyd, Sarah McLachlan, Keanu Reeves, Alanis
  Morisette, Bryan Adams, Leonard Cohen, Neil
  Young, Peter Jennings, Jack Kerouac, William
  Shatner,
• Invented AM radio, IMAX, the zipper, game of
  basketball, Trivial Pursuit,
• Which is further north Sudbury or Soudan?
• Is Nigel Lockyer Canadian?
• Am I Canadian?
• Who chairs FALC?

4
What is Canada?

• 10 of the U.S. in many regards
• U.S. has 9 times the people and 11 times the GDP
• A parliamentary democracy AND a constitutional
  monarchy
• Polite bureaucracy
• Canada has 7 times more representation per
  capita
• (DOEOMBCongress(AuthApprops)) x 2
• Key differences
• U.S. has 3 times as many Nobels per capita
• Canada spends 1/3 of the U.S. on military per
  capita

5
Overview of TRIUMF
6
Origins of TRIUMF

• In 1960s 70s, research topics in low-energy
  nuclear physics required large-scale
  infrastructure that no single university could
  design, construct, and maintain on its own
• Not just accelerators, but also the human capital
• TRIUMF was formed by 3 Canadian universities in
  order to pool resources and share talent to
  address these compelling scientific questions
• Unique example in the world
• Challenge is to remain relevant competitive

7
Members Carleton University Simon Fraser
University University of Alberta University of
BC University of Manitoba Université de
Montréal University of Toronto University of
Victoria Associate Members McMaster
University Queens University Saint Marys
University University of Guelph University of
Regina York University
99 year land lease from UBC
Owned and Operated by a Consortium of 14
Universities Founded by UBC, SFU, and UVic in 1969
8
Mission Statement

• TRIUMF is Canada's national laboratory for
  particle and nuclear physics. It is owned and
  operated as a joint venture by a consortium of
  Canadian universities via a contribution through
  the National Research Council Canada with
  building capital funds provided by the government
  of British Columbia. Its mission is
• To make discoveries that address the most
  compelling questions in particle physics, nuclear
  physics, nuclear medicine, and materials science
  
• To act as Canada's steward for the advancement of
  particle accelerators and detection technologies
  and
• To transfer knowledge, train highly skilled
  personnel, and commercialize research for the
  economic, social, environmental, and health
  benefit of all Canadians.

9
TRIUMF Statistics

• 500 scientists and staff on campus
• 90 (5040) staff MDS Nordion
• 50 international agreements/partnerships
• 800 peer reviewed journal articles (last 5
  years)
• 74 (86 exp) of NSERC GSC-19 funded proposals
  involve TRIUMF
• BC Business Council cites TRIUMF as one of the
  regions top ten high-tech employers
• National universities provide 50 salary support
  for a dozen TRIUMF scientists
• Also provide research space and complete local
  support

2009 Mar 18
9
10
TRIUMF Attracts Top Talent to Canada

• Lia Merminga, Head of Accelerator Division (USA)
• Elected Chair 10 American Physical Society Beams
  Division
• Vaishali Naik, VECC visiting accelerator
  scientist (India, Kolkata)
• Siddhartha Dechoudhury (India, Kolkata)
• Cornelia Hoehr, nuclear medicine (Germany)
• Oliver Stelzer-Chilton, particle physics LHC
  (Germany)
• Anadi Canepa, particle physics LHC (Italy)
• ATLAS Canada graduate students
• Currently 65 students, plan for 100
• 1/3 on NSERC Fellowships
• 1/3 international
• 40 of students at TRIUMF are international

Retired chairman and chief executive of IBM Louis
Gerstner remarked that, In a knowledge-based
global economy, skills are what matter in the
long run.
10
11
Canadas Accelerator Laboratory

• Entire TRIUMF science program employs
  accelerators
• Only place in Canada with accelerator design,
  build, maintain capability
• Established international reputation in
  accelerators
• Accelerators are used to address all five of the
  key scientific thrusts

12
Evolution of Accelerators
9 km/13 cm 69,231 14
TeV/ 80keV 175,000,000 Technology of
accelerators has made huge gains
13
Worlds Largest Cyclotron
H- cyclotron, 22m across 500 MeV 400 mA or 1x1015
particles/sec 0.75c
2009 Mar 18
13
14
Exploring the Science Questions
15
Where to Focus?

• Compelling questions define the scientific
  thrusts
• But Canada cannot by involved in all the key
  scientific questions pursued today
• So, through national planning groups and
  consultations, Canada has identified which
  questions to pursue
• Council of Canadian Academies
• Science, Technology, Innovation Council (federal)
• Subatomic Physics Long Range Plan
• Challenge is to balance risk and reward

16
Questions Define TRIUMFs ScienceFramed in a
Global Context

• CERN
• Canada, Japan, France, China
• US, Canada, EU
• Canada, Germany, Japan, US
• Light Sources US, Japan, Germany (4th
  generation) Canada, US, EU, Asia (3rd Generation)
• EU, US, Canada, Asia

1. What new physics lies beyond the Standard Model
   of Particle Physics? Does the elusive neutrino
   have a role in evolution of the universe?
2. What is dark matter and dark energy?
3. How and where are the heavy chemical elements
   produced?
4. How do simple underlying interactions lead to
   complex phenomena?
5. What are the underlying biochemical and
   biological mechanisms that contribute to onset of
   neurological disease and cancer?

17
Beams and Isotopes
PLAY
18
Excellence in Nuclear Science A New Era in Mass
Measurements
11Li

• Highest power Rare-Isotope Beam (RIB) facility in
  world
• Most intense beams of certain species in world
• A dozen world-class experiments on floor
• Supported by NSERC through peer-review process

18
18
19
Leading Rare Isotope Facilities
Global investment in RIBs over next decade 4B
(OECD)
2009 Jan 16
19
2008 Dec 8
20
Evolution of the Universe
TRIUMF Particle physics LHC studies universe 1
picosecond after the Big Bang
TRIUMF Nuclear astrophysics 400 million years
after the Big Bang and still going on today
20
21
ATLAS is 4 Canadian
TRIUMF design built at Alstom Tracy Quebec
Hadronic Endcap Forward Calorimeter
Total investment by Canada 100M Delivered on
time, on budget, working well
21
21
22
LHC/ATLAS Tier-1 Centre
les.robertson_at_cern.ch
23
A Taste of TRIUMFsFive-Year Plan
2010-2015MotivationNuclear MedicineSuperconduc
ting RF
24
Why a Five-Year Plan?

• TRIUMFs operating equipment budget is awarded
  in five-year cycles through a rigo(u)rous process
  of planning, proposals, review, politics
• The present Five-Year Plan completes in March
  2010
• The TRIUMF Five-Year Plan is more than a report
• It is a process that generates a shared vision
  among key stakeholders that is realistic and
  relevant for Canada
• It is a written document that presents and argues
  for that vision

25
Guiding Principles

• A credible plan needs to derive from a credible
  process
• Engage all stakeholders
• Be as open and transparent as possible provide
  multiple opportunities for review and comment
• Play to TRIUMFs strengths
• In accordance with its role everything up to
  the detector
• Work in concert with NSERC long-range plans
• Subatomic physics community developed plan in
  2005
• Lead with the science
• Objective of the Plan Transform the laboratory

26
Process
Spectrum of Possible Activities
2006- 2007
Users Group Mtgs
2008
PPAC
Mar 15
Kitchen Cabinet
Mar 20
SEEC, Halo Workshop
Mar 28
TUEC/TUG
Apr 1
AAC, LSPEC
Apr 5
Board
Apr 11
5YP Steering Cttee
Apr 23
Public Comment
May 5
ACOT
May 9
(writing consultation)
May-Jul
Intl Peer Review
Sep 24-26
Understanding of Required Resources
27
The Product

• After 6 months of work and more than 50 authors,
  the final plan was produced as a stand-alone
  publication
• Multiple formats for distinct audiences
• French, English
• 853 pgs, 180 pgs, 10 pgs, DVD
• International peer review Sep 2008
• Heuer, Halliday, Dorfan, Mason, etc.
• The technical skills of the editorial team are
  being recognized by the Editors Association of
  Canada
• Report has been shortlisted for top prize in the
  country!

28
5-Year PlanBuilding on Opportunities

• TRIUMF is poised for a transformation
• Opportunities, skills, and past investments are
  coming together
• Future plan seizes 3 new strategic opportunities
• Platform technology nuclear medicine
• Lead emerging revolution
• Platform technology superconducting RF (SRF)
• Accelerators, medical-isotope production,
  flue-gas scrubbing
• Playing a major role in worlds largest
  scientific project LHC
• Canadian Physics Analysis Centre Tier-1 Data
  Centre
• Requested investments
• 328M for 2010-2015 operations
• 60M for capital infrastructure (buildings)

28
28
29
Nuclear Medicine

• TRIUMF specializes in production study of
  exotic nuclei
• Physicists call them rare isotopes
• Clinicians call them medical isotopes
• Genomics and molecular imaging are driving a
  revolution in medicine (e.g., personalized
  medicine)
• Predicting, monitoring, and controlling the
  specific chemistry biology within your body
• Medical isotopes (unstable nuclei) connected to
  molecules that target processes in the body will
  allow doctors to image
• Disease metabolism watch tumor construction
• Tag amino acid transporters or DNA or.
• Track where the drug is going in your body
• Evaluate whether therapy is working, be it chemo
  or radiation

30
Medical Isotopes

• A medical isotope is a short-lived radioactive
  ingredient used in radiopharmaceuticals which are
  administered to patients
• Through radioactive decay, energy is emitted and
  captured with a special camera to reveal images
  of metabolic function in the body
• Also used to deliver targeted radiation therapy
  to tumours

Treating thyroid cancer Iodine-131
Diagnosing brain disorders Molybdenum-99
Accurately diagnosing heart attacks and disease
Molybdenum-99
Exposing the spread of cancer
Molybdenum-99
Scanning bones for infection Molybdenum-99
Imaging the lungs for blood clots Xenon-133

31
Nuclear Medicine at TRIUMF

• TRIUMF program started in neurology and is
  expanding to oncology
• World leading Pacific Parkinsons Research Centre
  (PPRC)
• 1500 patient visits a year
• Entire program depends on TRIUMF
• Major discoveries Placebo effect Trauma origins
• Core competencies
• PET Imaging
• Radiochemistry and biomarkers (18F, 11C.)
• Target development techniques
• Future medical isotopes will be used for therapy
  (using a particles)
• Break both the DNA strands with alphas
• Kills cell in two passes versus 20 passes for
  x-rays

32
Success EF5-18F (a 1st in Canada)
Tests for Hypoxia radiation-resistant tumours
32
32
33
PET Measures Metabolic Response
PET image is very powerful indicator of cancer
metabolism Response can be seen within 24 hours
Baseline
24 hours
1 week
2 months
5.5 months
Dana Farber Cancer Institute
34
MSNBC/Health March 4, 2009

• Doctors typically must wait weeks or months to
  see if a treatment is shrinking tumors or at
  least halting their growth. But researchers are
  exploring a new use for medical imaging that
  could shorten the stay in purgatory, possibly
  revealing within a few days whether chemo is
  working
• This scan is called FLT-PET, after radioactive
  fluorothymidine. These scans show whether cancer
  cells are dividing.
• Our hope ... is you might be able to give a
  single dose of a chemotherapy agent and within a
  day or two figure out whether the tumor is going
  to respond, says Dr. Michael Graham of the
  University of Iowa. If the tumor doesn't respond,
  doctors would go on to Plan B, he said. This
  is really ... giving us the ability to tailor the
  therapy to the disease. The researchers
  reported that just one week after treatment
  began, they could tell with 93 percent certainty
  which patients would eventually respond to the
  drug and which would not.
• TRIUMF chemists have made FLT, FES, FDG, and
  working on more.

35
Radiotracers for Oncology
From Wester, HJ. Nuclear Imaging Probes from
Bench to Bedside. Clin Cancer Res 200713(12)
3470-3481
36
Detecting Biochemistry before Disease
Estimated Levodopa-induced Changes In Synaptic
Dopamine Levels
12
stable group
10
8
6
4
fluctuator group
2
0
-2
Error Bars 1 Standard Error(s)
-4
1hr
4hr

• PET imaging distinguishes dopamine systems of
  pre-symptomatic Parkinsons patients
• Later shown to be identical grouping as response
  to treatment

37
Institutions Partnering w/TRIUMF
Active Cyclotron Based Programs
Establishing Cyclotron Programs

• BC Cancer Agency
• St Joseph's Health Care
• Sunnybrook
• Thunder Bay
• University Health Network (PMH)
• University of Calgary
• Dalhousie University
• University of Manitoba
• NRC Med Tech. Winnepeg
• Université de Montréal

• UBC/TRIUMF (CFI Lead)
• McMaster University
• Cross Cancer Institute
• MNI
• Ottawa Heart Institute
• Université de Sherbrooke

Terry Fox Research Institute
37
37
38
Cyclotron Usage for Cancer Screening is Growing
39
SRF at TRIUMF past, present, future
ISAC II Phase I 106 MHz ß 0.057, 0.071 Ep30 MV/m
ISAC II Phase II 141 MHz ß 0.11 Ep 30 MV/m
E-linac/VECC 1.3 GHz ß 1 Ep 20 MV/m
SPL 704 MHz ß 0.65, 1 Ep 50 MV/m
ILC 1.3 GHz ß 1 Ep 63 MV/m
TRIUMF local industry are becoming world
leaders in SRF science and technology
39
39
40
Next-generation Accelerator Technology

• Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF)
  acceleration
• Pathway to high-power beams for next-generation
  accelerators
• Breadth of applications includes 4G light
  sources, production of isotopes, neutron sources,
  and frontier science (CERN SPL, ILC)
• At its heart are superconducting cavities
• Made from pure niobium and operated at 2 K
• The high-power e-linac beam will be directed onto
  targets to produce isotopes through photo-fission

41
E-linac Possible Evolution
42
World Leadership in RIBs

• Goal of 5YP -- take TRIUMF ISAC to next level
• Unique moment to seize scientific discovery
  opportunity
• Study neutron-rich nuclei important for element
  abundances, supernova explosions, neutron-star
  crusts, shell structure, theory advances,
  universal nuclear density functional, 3-nucleon
  interactions,...
• Great opportunity in fundamental symmetries (one
  of holy grails in nuclear physics) Prize winning
  science
• TRIUMF has strong fleet of experiments eager
  young researchers
• Large international user base wanting and waiting
  for varied beams
• ISOL target ion source expertise has grown is
  ready to advance
• Accelerator team strong
• Canada Opportunity to lead on world nuclear
  physics stage

43
Most Intense 18F Beam ?
44
TRIUMF RIBs in 2015 Beyond

• Canada will have world-unique scientific reach in
  rare-isotope beams with both protons electrons
  on actinide targets
• Already NSERC supported TIGRESS facility has
  record number of proposals this cycle with
  demonstrated beams

45
Staying Relevant
46
Canada's Economic Action Plan We are building
a new knowledge-based economyone where our
scientists and entrepreneurs can find the support
they need to get their ideas to market and one
where investors will find greater
opportunity. By Tony Clement, Minister of
Industry More than ever before, science
holds the key to our survival as a planet and our
security and prosperity as a nation. It is time
we once again put science at the top of our
agenda and worked to restore America's place as
the world leader in science and technology. By
Barack Obama, President of the United States
47
Challenging Times

• As in the U.S., Canada holds debates about what
  to do in economically tough times
• Unlike the U.S., Canada is still talking
• But the banks didnt fail as badly
• A lot of listening to Obama
• Canadian federal government is also struggling
  with focus and objectives of publicly supported
  science, technology, and innovation

48
At a Glance
49
Policy Statements

• Canada has set ad hoc RD priorities at the
  federal level
• The Government of Canada is committed to
  fostering three specific ST advantages for
  Canada
• Entrepreneurial advantage
• Knowledge advantage
• People advantage
• No framework (beyond TRIUMF) for
  planning/managing large-scale science research
  facilities

50
For TRIUMF

• Physics is not a priority area although Canada
  has historical strength
• TRIUMFs Five-Year Plan was finalized long before
  the crash
• New challenge is not to look silly!
• Strategies
• Seek to address and be responsive to national
  issues
• Empower decision makers by being honest about
  relative tradeoffs
• Exploit CECR program
• Examine economic impact and job creation
• Partner, partner, partner

51
Mo-99 Supply Chain

• 80 of world nuclear-medicine procedures use
  Mo-99 (20M per year) as delivery vehicle for
  Tc-99m isotope
• Canada produces half the worlds supply with an
  ageing reactor
• Reactor presently turned off gt1 month patients
  will suffer

Physics
Chemistry
Biology
52
Basic Idea
53
ZEUM An Alternative
Neutrons from reactor
Photons from accelerator

• Cross-section for photons to fission uranium is
  0.001 that of neutrons, but proportional
  production rate for Mo-99 is identical
• An accelerator can replace the nuclear reactor!

54
Made-in-Canada Alternative

• A new kind of physics
• Replace nuclear reactor with an accelerator
  (using next-generation technology from Richmond,
  BC, company)
• Use natural instead of weapons-grade uranium
• Chemistry and biology would remain identical
• Technology vetted by Nov 2008 international panel
• No show-stoppers!
• Timetable (Non-disclosure MOU w/MDS Nordion as
  partner)
• Proof-of-principle demonstration in 2012
• Pilot production of commercial supply by 2015
• Schedule is driven by funding construction pace

55
Electrons and Environment
Pollution to Food Strategy an SRF opportunity
High Sulfur Fuel Pollution from Traditional
Combustion (Fuel Coal, Petcoke, Bitumen etc.)
PAVAC EBFGT converts pollution to fertilizer
(Ammonium Sulphate and Ammonium Nitrate
Fertilizer applied to farming or bio fuels total
CO2 reduction 10 to 30
56
What TRIUMF Offers (sample)

• Satisfying the human search for context
• Exploring some of the biggest science questions
  of today
• Engine of innovation
• Bridging the gap between academic commercial
  sectors
• Access to leadership in international networks
• e.g., CERN, TTC, Interactions.org
• Beacon for attracting retaining talent in
  Canada
• Specialized research experiences
• Competitive world-class opportunities

57

• Economic Impacts of TRIUMF Proposed Expansion
• Estimated Impacts 2009 2014

others
NRC 328m
NSERC 35m
CFI 18m
Others 48m

• World-leading particle nuclear physics research
  facility program
• Heart of a growing BC advanced tech cluster
  (MDS, BCCA, PAVAC, etc.)
• Canadas leader in global big science
  (CERN-LHC, T2K, CSUNS, etc.)
• Research applications in technologies relevant to
  British Columbia nuclear medicine, environment,
  natural resources, aerospace, electronics

60.7m one time
Five-year economic impacts
Fast job creation TRIUMF expansion to create a
total of 179 person-years of construction work
(inc. 71 FTE by 2010)

• 912 million total provincial output
• 511 million total provincial GDP
• 1,284 permanent FTE jobs
• 50 million provincial tax revenues

58
Thank you Merci
4004 Wesbrook Mall Vancouver, B.C. Canada V6T
2A3 Tel [phone] Fax 604
222-1074www.triumf.ca