Medicine and Drugs

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Medicine and Drugs
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Chapter overview

• Medicines and drugs
• How do medicines differ from drugs?
• How is the safety of medicines ensured?
• What are some types and effects of medicines?
• What are drug misuse and drug abuse?

3
Chapter overview (contd)

• What are the kinds and characteristics of various
  drugs?
• How can you kick a drug habit and live drug free?
• Tobacco
• What is tobacco, and what are its products?
• How does tobacco affect a user?

4
Chapter overview (contd)

• What are some money issues with tobacco?
• What are tobacco addiction and withdrawal?
• What are tobaccos costs to society?
• How can you prevent a tobacco habit or quit one?

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Chapter overview (contd)

• Alcohol
• How does alcohol affect people?
• What is alcoholism?
• How can people get help for drinking problems?
• Why do some teens drink alcohol?
• Why should you refuse to drink, and what are some
  alternatives?

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Motivation

• An informed consumer stays healthy and drug free.
• Today, youll learn what you need to know about
  medicines and drugs.

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Lesson overview

• What is the difference between medicines and
  drugs?
• What is the approval process the FDA follows to
  ensure that a new drug is safe?
• How do consumers obtain medicines?
• What different types of medicines are there?

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Lesson overview (contd)

• How do medicines work in the body?
• How do people misuse and abuse drugs?
• What are the effects of narcotics?
• What are the effects of stimulants?
• What are the effects of depressants?

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Lesson overview (contd)

• What are street drugs?
• What are the effects of marijuana?
• What are the effects of hallucinogens?
• What are the effects of inhalants?
• What are club drugs?

10
Lesson overview (contd)

• What are the effects of anabolic steroids?
• What are the advantages of staying drug free?
• How can someone recover from an addiction?
• What are some healthful ways to deal with
  problems?

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Quick Write

• Briefly describe the most important reason teens
  should avoid drug use.

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What is the difference between medicine and drugs?

• Drugs change the structure or function of the
  body or mind.
• Medicines treat or prevent diseases and other
  conditions.

13
What is the approval process the FDA follows to
ensure that a new drug is safe?

• Tested on animals for harmful effects
• Then studied on humans
• Approved by FDA if safe and effective
• Prescribed to patients by physicians or purchased
  by consumers

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How do consumers obtain medicines?

• Prescription medicines are sold only with a
  written order from a physician.

15
How do consumers obtain medicines? (contd)

• Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines do not need a
  written order from a physician.

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What different types of medicine are there?

• Vaccines to prevent disease
• Antibiotics to fight infections
• Pain relievers (e.g., aspirin andaspirin
  substitutes)
• Medicines for chronic conditions (e.g., heart and
  blood-pressure problems)

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How do medicines work in the body?

• Effects depend on
• Type and amount taken
• How quickly it works
• Individual reactions
• Medicines can be
• Ingested
• Injected
• Inhaled
• Absorbed through the skin

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How do medicines work in the body? (contd)

• Side effectsany effects other than the one
  intended
• Toleranceneeding more of the drug to get the
  same effect
• Overuse causes loss of drugs ability to fight
  disease.

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How do medicines work in the body? (contd)

• Possible effects of taking two or more medicines
• Each can have a stronger effect than if taken
  alone.
• Combination can produce unexpected effects.
• One cancels out the effect of the other.

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How do people misuse and abuse drugs?

• Drug misuse involves
• Not following directions
• Combining medicines without a physician's advice
• Taking more than the doctor ordered
• Using someone elses prescription
• Giving your prescription to someone else
• Using a drug for longer than prescribed

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How do people misuse and abuse drugs? (contd)

• Drug abuse involves
• Using any illegal drug
• Using an unnecessary medicine
• Taking a substance that should not be ingested
• Using a drug for nonmedical purposes
• Faking health problems to get a prescription

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What are the effects of narcotics?

• Narcoticsprescription drugs used to relieve pain
• Extended use can lead to addiction.
• Heroin is an illegal narcotic made from morphine.

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What are the effects of stimulants?

• Stimulantssubstances that speed up the bodys
  functions
• Abuse may cause
• Blurred vision
• Dizziness
• Anxiety
• Loss of coordination
• Collapse
• Stimulants can be habit-forming.

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What are the effects of stimulants? (contd)
25
What are the effects of stimulants? (contd)
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What are the effects of depressants?

• Depressantssubstances that slow down body
  functions and reactions
• Depressants lower blood pressure and slow down
  heart rate and breathing.

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What are the effects of depressants? (contd)
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What are the effects of depressants? (contd)
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What are the effects of depressants? (contd)
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What are street drugs?

• Illegally made, packaged, or sold legal drugs
  such as amphetamines
• Illegal drugs such as heroin and marijuana
• Users dont know what or how much they are
  ingesting.
• Users risk poisoning or death from an overdose.

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What are the effects of marijuana?

• Lung problems like those from smoking tobacco
• Reduced memory, reaction time, and coordination
• Impaired judgment
• Reduced initiative and ambition
• Increased heart rate and appetite
• Lowered body temperature
• Changing hormone levels
• Addiction

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What are the effects of hallucinogens?

• Effects of hallucinogens
• Distorted moods, thoughts, and senses
• Destructive behavior
• Psychological dependence
• Rapid mood swings, hallucinations, terrifying
  thoughts and feelings

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What are the effects of hallucinogens? (contd)
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What are the effects of hallucinogens? (contd)
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What are the effects of inhalants?

• Effects of inhalants
• Mind-altering sensations
• Headache, nausea, vomiting, and loss of
  coordination
• Sudden death
• Physical dependence
• Liver, kidney, and brain damage

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What are club drugs?

• Synthetic versions of natural drugs
• Colorless, tasteless, odorless
• Can be placed in food or beverages without the
  persons knowledgedrug slipping
• Ecstasy, GHB, rohypnol, ketamine

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What are club drugs? (contd)
38
What are club drugs? (contd)
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What are club drugs? (contd)
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What are the effects of anabolic steroids?

• Acne
• Mood swings
• Nausea
• Liver damage
• Brain cancers
• Shortening of childrens and teens final height

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What are the advantages of staying drug free?

• No law breaking
• Better concentration and memory
• More natural energy
• Better decision making
• Better health
• Better appearance

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What are the advantages of staying drug free?
(contd)

• Better control of feelings and actions
• No wasting money on drugs
• Better relationships with family
• More self-respect
• Better emotional and mental development

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How can someone recover from an addiction?

• Recognize that a problem exists.
• Begin the recovery process.
• Go through withdrawal.
• Change habits that led to the drug use.
• Attend support groups or treatment programs.

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How can someone recover from an addiction?
(contd)

• Treatment centers include
• Detox units for detoxification
• Inpatient treatment centers
• Outpatient treatment centers

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What are some healthful ways to deal with
problems?

• Learn a new sport or hobby or join a club.
• Start a regular physical-activity routine.
• Volunteer to help people in your community.
• Talk to an adult you trust.
• Contact a hotline or support group.

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What are some healthful ways to deal with
problems? (contd)

• Learn relaxation techniques.
• Get enough rest and physical activity, and eat
  properly.
• Use time-management skills to avoid
  overscheduling your time.

47
Lesson review

• Drugs change the structure or function of the
  body or mind.
• Medicines treat or prevent diseases and other
  conditions.
• The FDA requires
• Testing all new drugs on animals
• Then testing the new drugs on humans to determine
  any possible harmful effects

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Lesson review (contd)

• Prescription medicines are obtained from a
  physician.
• Over-the-counter medicines are available at
  pharmacies and supermarkets.
• Medicines prevent disease, fight infection,
  relieve pain, and treat chronic conditions.

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Lesson review (contd)

• The effect of a medicine depends on
• The type and amount taken
• How quickly it begins to work
• Each individual's reaction to it
• Medicines can be ingested, injected, inhaled, and
  absorbed through the skin.

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Lesson review (contd)

• Drug misusers take legal drugs in an improper
  way.
• Drug abusers take substances that are not
  supposed to be taken into the human body.
• May also use legal drugs for nonmedical purposes
• Narcotics are available only by prescription to
  relieve pain.
• Can be addictive

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Lesson review (contd)

• Heroin is the most commonly abused illegal
  narcotic and is highly addictive.
• Stimulants speed up the bodys functions.
• Amphetamine, methamphetamine, cocaine, crack

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Lesson review (contd)

• Depressants slow down the bodys functions and
  reactions.
• Tranquilizers, barbiturates, hypnotics
• A street drug is any drug that is made or sold
  outside of government regulations.
• Marijuana is the most common street drug.
• Affects memory, reaction time, and coordination
• Damages the heart and lungs

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Lesson review (contd)

• Hallucinogens
• Distort moods, thoughts, and senses
• Increase heart rate and blood pressure
• Cause loss of muscle coordination
• Decrease sensitivity to pain
• Examples PCP, LSD

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Lesson review (contd)

• Inhalants
• Produce mind-altering sensations
• Can cause headache, nausea, vomiting, and loss of
  coordination
• Can lead to physical dependence
• Examples spray paint, cleaning fluid, lighter
  fluid, hair spray, nail polish remover

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Lesson review (contd)

• Club drugs
• Associated with nightclubs, concerts, and
  all-night dance parties called raves
• Examples ecstasy, GHB, rohypnol, and ketamine
• Anabolic steroids bulk up muscle at an abnormally
  fast rate.
• Harmful effects include liver damage and brain
  cancers.

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Lesson review (contd)

• Reasons for staying drug free
• Not breaking the law
• Better control of feelings and actions
• Better relationships with others.
• Normal mental and emotional development

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Lesson review (contd)

• Help for addiction recovery comes from
• Community support groups
• Treatment programs (e.g., Narcotics Anonymous),
  detox units, inpatient treatment centers, and
  outpatient treatment centers.
• Healthful ways to solve problems include
• Starting a regular physical activity routine
• Talking to a trusted adult
• Learning relaxation techniques

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Summary

• What is the difference between medicines and
  drugs?
• What is the approval process the FDA follows to
  ensure that a new drug is safe?
• How do consumers obtain medicines?
• What different types of medicines are there?

59
Summary (contd)

• How do medicines work in the body?
• How do people misuse and abuse drugs?
• What are the effects of narcotics?
• What are the effects of stimulants?
• What are the effects of depressants?
• What are street drugs?

60
Summary (contd)

• What are the effects of marijuana?
• What are the effects of hallucinogens?
• What are the effects of inhalants?
• What are club drugs?
• What are the effects of anabolic steroids?

61
Summary (contd)

• What are the advantages of staying drug free?
• How can someone recover from an addiction?
• What are some healthful ways to deal with
  problems?

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Next

• Done Medicines and drugs
• Next Tobacco