The Circulatory System

1
The Circulatory System
Joe C., Nish, Hanako, James
2
What does the Circulatory System do?

• The circulatory system has a major role in the
  human body.
• Responsible for transporting nutrients, water,
  and oxygen throughout the body.
• Takes away wastes and carbon dioxide from the
  body.

3
Parts of the Circulatory System

• Our circulatory system is a closed circulatory
  system which means it is enclosed in parts and
  tubes, and does not flow freely throughout the
  body.
• The circulatory system has three main parts
• The heart
• The blood vessels
• The blood

4
The Heart

• The heart pumps blood throughout the body.
• There are four main chambers in the heart(left
  and right ventricles and left and right atriums)
• The septum divides the left and right sides of
  the heart.
• The blood goes into the right atrium where it is
  held and then pumped into the right ventricle
  through the atrioventricular valve. The right
  ventricle contracts and pushes the blood through
  the pulmonary arteries to the lungs to be filled
  with oxygen.
• The oxygenated blood returns from the lungs
  through the pulmonary veins and into the left
  atrium, where it is held and pumped into the left
  ventricle through the aortic valve. The left
  ventricle then pumps it through the aorta and the
  blood travels throughout the body.
• The deoxygenated after being used by the body
  returns to the heart through the superior and
  inferior vena cava and the cycle is repeated.
  This cycle is known as the coronary circulation.

5
Heart Attacks

• There are many kinds of heart attacks. They can
  range from really serious to something you wont
  even notice
• Myocardial infraction is a more serious attack.
  The clogging of the a coronary artery from a
  build up of plaque may cause the heart to die of
  oxygen deficiency. You can recover from this but
  it would be harder for you heart to function
  correctly
• Coronary thrombosis is not as serious it is just
  a sudden blockage of a coronary artery.
• It is basically the complete
• blockage of a cardiac blood vessel by a
• blood clot.

6
How blood Pressure is Measured

• Blood pressure is usually checked in the large
  artery in the upper arm.
• Doctors use an instrument called
  sphygmomanometer. It consists of pressure gauge,
  a rubber cuff
• The cuff is wrapped around the upper arm and and
  is inflated until the blood flow is temperately
  stopped
• As the cuff is loosened the doctors listen for
  the first sound of blood flow. The number on the
  gauge at that point is the systolic pressure,
  meaning when your heart is pumping its hardest.
  When sound is no longer heard the number on the
  gauge at that point is the diastolic pressure,
  meaning when the heart is resting

7
Hypertension

• Hypertension is just the medical name for High
  blood pressure
• High blood pressure is said to be caused by
  obesity, stress, smoking, or eating to many salty
  food
• It is the leading cause of heart attacks,
  strokes and kidney failure
• Is the most common in African Americans and women
• High blood pressure results in an increase in the
  amount of blood pumped by the heart
• High blood pressure defined as blood pressure
  higher then 140 over 90. Which is averaged

8
Blood Vessels
Blood vessels are the transportation system of
the circulatory system. They connect all of
the bodies parts through one common
system. There are three main types of blood
vessels veins, arteries, and capillaries.
9
Arteries

• Arteries are the thick walled vessels that carry
  deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated
  blood throughout the body.
• The main artery that carries the oxygenated blood
  from the heart is the aorta.
• The arteries are also the strongest with the most
  blood pressure.

10
Veins

• Veins have thin walls
• Transport blood at a lower pressure than
  arteries.
• Veins carry the oxygenated blood from the lungs
  to the heart to be pumped through out the body
  and carry the deoxygenated blood back to the
  heart from the capillaries.

11
Capillaries

• Capillaries are the smallest and weakest of the
  blood vessels.
• They connect the arteries and the veins and most
  importantly they perform the main task of blood
  vessels.
• When in the capillaries the blood releases its
  oxygen and nutrients into the surrounding tissue,
  and the tissue releases its waste and carbon
  dioxide to be carried by the blood.

12
Atherosclerosis

• Is characterized by thickening hardening and
  elasticity of the walls of the blood vessels
• Cholesterol and calcium build up on the walls of
  the blood vessels which then produces plaque,
  thus hardening the walls.
• as the walls get thicker the passage through the
  vessels become more narrow. Which decreases blood
  supply to certain areas.
• Some things that cause this are- hypertension,
  smoking, diabetes, and obesity.
• Can cause heart disease, and if leg arteries are
  effected then there may be pain when you walk.
  If the vessel becomes totally clotted then a
  heart attack can happen

13
Blood

• Blood is vital to human life.
• Blood is composed of four main parts plasma, red
  blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
• There are also different types of blood O, B, A,
  AB

14
Plasma

• Plasma is the liquid part of blood.
• It is a yellow liquid and makes up over half of
  the blood. The yellow color comes from the
  protein it contains.
• Its function is to carry nutrients throughout the
  body.
• The plasma also contains minerals.
• Without plasma the life-giving cells would be
  left without transportation.

15
Red Blood Cells

• Red blood cells are the oxygen and carbon dioxide
  carrying part of the blood.
• Red blood cells are red and disk shaped.
• They make up most of the non-liquid part of the
  blood.
• Hemoglobin is contained within the cells. It is
  needed because it carries the oxygen for the red
  blood cells.
• Hemoglobin is also what makes the cells red,
  though only when the hemoglobin contains oxygen.

16
White Blood Cells

• White blood cells are the fighters of the blood.
• They are large circular white cells.
• Though they are not as numerous as the red blood
  cells, they perform a job of fighting disease,
  bacteria, viruses, and parasites, which is vital
  for the body survival.

17
Platelets

• Platelets are the cells that stop blood loss.
• Platelets have irregular shapes and are
  colorless.
• They coagulate, thicken, the blood which helps
  form clogs which is important to help stop
  bleeding.
• They also help heal broken blood vessels.

18
Effects of Drugs on the Circulatory System
Many drugs are harmful to your body. But the
drug that most directly affects the circulatory
system is crack cocaine. Crack cocaine is
cocaine that can be smoked. The smoke goes
into the lungs, and the lungs pass it on to the
arteries. The arteries then carry the smoke
from the crack into the heart, and throughout the
body. Crack increases the heart rate and blood
pressure. People with high blood pressure can
die the first time they use crack. Crack may
also stop the circulation of blood to the heart.
19
Blood Types

• Everyone in the world has a blood type. Names
  are given to blood types to make sure they dont
  mix. For example, if a person with A blood gave
  blood to a person with B blood, the types would
  not mix and form a clot.
• There are 4 blood types, O, A, B, and AB.
• Blood type O is the universal donor. Type O can
  donate to all other blood types. Although, O can
  only receive O. 38 of people are O and 7 are
  O-.
• Blood type A can receive blood from A and O and
  can only give to A and AB. 34 of people are A
  and 6 are A-.
• Blood type B can receive blood from B and O and
  can only give to B and AB. 9 of people are B
  and 2 are B-.
• The final blood type is AB. AB can receive blood
  from all blood types. AB can only donate to
  other AB. Only 3 is AB and 1 is AB-.

20
Bibliography

• http//www.accessexcellence.org/ae/aec/cc/heart_ba
  ckround.html
• http//gened.emc.maricopa.edu/bio/bio181/bioBK/bio
  book/circsys.html
• http//www.hes.ucf.k12.pa.us/gclaypo/circulatorysy
  s.html
• Ada P. Kahn. High Blood Pressure. Chicago
• Contemporary Books Inc, 1983. Pg. 1 and
  13-14
• Avraham, Regina. The Circulatory System. New
  York and Philadelphia
• Chelsea House Publishers, 1989. Pg. 66-68
• Tiger, Steven. Heart Disease. New York
• Julian Messner, 1986. Pg. 26-27
• http//encarta.msn.com/find/Concise.asp?z1pg2
  ti761566878
• http//encarta.msn.com/find/concise.asp?z1pg2
  ti761578429
• http//sln.fi.edu/biosci/blood/blood.html

21
Bibliography

• Silverstein, Alvin. The Circulatory System, NY
• 21st century books, 1994. Pg. 20-25