Health Issues Related to Obesity

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Health Issues Related to Obesity
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Trends

• Most foods today are available in larger portion
  sizes than they were in the 1970s, and far
  exceed standard portion sizes.
• What kind of reaction do you get when you are
  served the standard portion size of ½ cup of
  French fries?
• The result of increased portion sizes is eating
  more calories.

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Trends

• Children who eat fast food consume more total
  calories, calories per gram of food, total and
  saturated fat, total carbohydrate, added sugars
  and sugar-sweetened beverages, but less milk,
  fiber, fruit, and non starchy vegetables.

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Bad Eating Habits Start Early

• Babies who are served baby food, generally have
  good diets.
• When they start eating what the family
  eatsthings change.

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Bad Eating Habits Start Early

• Toddlers eat French fries more than other
  vegetables. Many children go an entire day
  without seeing a piece of fruit or green
  vegetable.
• Apple juice and apple-flavored fruit drinks are
  consumed most often however, juices, fruit
  drinks, and carbonated beverages appeared to
  displace milk in toddlers diets.

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Percentage of U.S. Children and Adolescents Who
Were Overweight
14
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Ages 12-19
5
4
Ages 6-11
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Actual Consumption Pyramid U.S. Total
What we actually eat does not reflect the
recommendations set by the USDA Food Guide
Pyramid.
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Portion Distortion

• Super-sizing portions can be found in sodas.
• The 8-ounce bottle was replaced by a 12-ounce
  can. Now, that can is being replaced by the
  20-ounce bottle.
• As the portion size has increased, so have the
  calories and sugar. Putting this in perspective,
  a 20-ounce soda provides the average teen girl
  12 of her daily caloric needs but with no extra
  nutrients.

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Portion Distortion
2000s
1980s
1950s
6½ ounces 88 calories
12 ounces 160 calories
20 ounces 266 calories
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Student Access to Competitive Foods and Beverages
in Schools

• Schools with vending machines or a school store
• 43 of elementary schools
• 74 of middle/junior high schools
• 98 of senior high
• Most of the items sold in these venues are high
  in fat, sugar, and salt.

Source CDC, School Health Policies and Programs
Study 2000
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Student Access to Competitive Foods and Beverages
in Schools

• School that have both vending machines and school
  stores
• 10 of elementary
• 27 of middle/junior high
• 56 of senior high schools
• Most of the items sold in these venues are high
  in fat, sugar, and salt.

Source CDC, School Health Policies and Programs
Study 2000
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Percentage of Teens Who Drink Milk and Carbonated
Soft Drinks On a Given Day in 1994, by Sex
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Percentage of Youth Participating in Vigorous
Physical Activity
Percentage
Age (Yr)
USDA 1998
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Increase in Type 2 Diabetes

• Being overweight is associated with a
  skyrocketing increase in Type 2 diabetes

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Short-term Effects of Diet on School
Performance and Health

• Risk for immediate health problems, such as
• Dental caries
• Anemia
• Obesity
• Impact on problem-solving skills, test scores,
  classroom behavior, and absenteeism

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What Can You Do?
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Experts Recommend

• Use the food guide pyramid
• Eliminate high calorie snacks
• Make gradual changes
• Eat well-balanced meals

Barlow Dietz, 1998
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Good Ideas

• Select healthy fruits and snacks as treat foods,
  i.e. grapes, raisins, etc.
• Eat a variety of foods
• Avoid drinking high sugar beverages.
• For one month turn off the TV, computers, and
  video games every Tuesday.

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More Good Ideas

• Eat and drink all foods and beverages at the
  kitchen or dining table.
• Always eat a healthy breakfast.
• Avoid snacking after dinnertime.

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30 Minute Rule

• Research indicates that after 30 minutes of
  mental work, the ability to concentrate begins to
  decline.
• Sitting burns only 33-50 calories per hour.
• Solution Get up and walk around every 30
  minutes or plan a stretch break.

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Health Benefits of Regular Physical Activity

• Decreased risk for obesity
• Decreased risk for type 2 diabetes
• Increased self esteem
• Improved fitness
• Enhanced bone mass
• Improved metabolism

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BMI Is the First Step

• Measuring BMI is only a first step to determining
  if a person is overweight or at risk of being
  overweight.
• Two persons can have the same BMI, yet one person
  can be physically fit and the other person out of
  shape.
• See a health care professional for further
  diagnosis and treatment.

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Resources

• Melinda S. Sothern, PhD
• Pennington Biomedical Research Center LSU
• For more information visit http//www.trimkids.
  com
• Howell Weschler, PhD, CDC
• Clare Miller , MS, RD, USDA