Introduction to the Field of Organizational Behavior

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Chapter 1

• Introduction to the Field of Organizational
  Behavior

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Chapter Outline

• The Field of OB
• OB Trends
• The Five Anchors of OB
• Knowledge Management

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The Field of OBHistorical Overview

• Scientific Management
• Human Relations Movement
• Classical Organizational Theory
• Contemporary OB

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The Field of OBHistorical Overview

• Scientific Management Roots of OB
• Frederick Taylor, Father of Scientific Management
• Designing jobs as efficiently as possible
• One Best Way
• Time Motion Study

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The Field of OBHistorical Overview

• Human Relations Movement
• Elton Mayo
• Noneconomic, social processes
• Worker effectiveness depends on physical aspects
  on social conditions
• Hawthorne Studies
• Illumination studies
• Relay room
• Bank wiring

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The Field of OBHistorical Overview

• Classical Organizational Theory
• Max Weber
• Efficient structuring of overall organization
• Ideally designed large organization, the
  bureaucracy
• Formal rules
• Hierarchical structure
• Division of labor

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The Field of OBHistorical Overview

• Contemporary OB
• Work can be both productive pleasant
• Theory X vs. Theory Y
• There is no one best way to manage
• Contingency approach
• Organizations are dynamic everchanging
• Open systems

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The Field of OBWhy Study OB?

• Understand organizational events
• Predict organizational events
• Influence organizational events
• OB the bottom line

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OB Trends

• Globalization
• Information Technology
• The Changing Workforce
• Emerging Employment Relationships
• Workplace Values Ethics

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OB TrendsGlobalization

• New organizational structures
• Different forms of communication
• New career opportunities
• More competition, change, mergers, downsizing,
  stress
• Need more sensitivity to cultural differences
• Learn from the best, wherever they may be

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OB TrendsInformation Technology

• Affects how employees interact
• Affects how organizations are configured
• Connects people around the world
• Allows small businesses to compete in global
  marketplace

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OB TrendsThe Changing Workforce

• Primary secondary dimensions
• Increasing representation of women
• Different needs of baby-boomers, gen-X, gen-Y
• Opportunities
• Improved decision making/performance
• Better customer service in global market
• Challenges
• Conflict, discrimination

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OB TrendsEmployment Relationships

• Employability
• Learn skills that will keep them employed
• Contingent work
• No explicit or implicit contract for long-term
  employment
• Telecommuting
• Working from home, computer connection
• Virtual teams
• Operate across space, time, boundaries

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OB TrendsWorkplace Values Ethics

• Globalization, differences become more pronounced
• Values replacing old command-and-control system
• More emphasis on ethical business conduct
• Corporate social responsibility
• Moral obligation to stakeholders

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The Five Anchors of OB

• Multidisciplinary Anchor
• Systematic Research Anchor
• Contingency Anchor
• Multiple Levels of Analysis Anchor
• Open System Anchor

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Open Systems Anchor of OB
Outputs
Inputs
Organization
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Knowledge Management

• Knowledge Management
• any structured activity that improves an
• organizations capacity to acquire, share,
• use knowledge for its survival success.
• Human Capital
• Structural Capital
• Relationship Capital
• Intellectual Capital

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Knowledge Management
Knowledge Acquisition

• Grafting
• Individual learning
• Experimentation

• Awareness
• Empowerment

• Communication
• Communities of practice