Jacksonian Democracy and the Age of Reform 1820s1850s

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Jacksonian Democracy and the Age of Reform
1820s-1850s
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The New Democracy (Jackson)

• Panic of 1819
• The Missouri Compromise
• Two party system reemerges
• Election of 1824 Corrupt Bargain
• Tariff of Abominations
• Election of 1828
• Spoils system
• End of Caucus
• Kitchen Cabinet
• Webster-Hayne Debate
• Nullification controversy 1832
• Compromise tariff of 1833

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Jacksonian Democracy

• Jackson v. BUS
• Biddle
• Pet Bank Scheme
• Indian removal
• Trail of Tears
• The Birth of Texas
• Election of 1836
• Birth of the Whigs (against King Andrew I)
• Van Buren
• Panic of 1837
• Election of 1840
• Whig Harrison is elected

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Market Revolution 1790-1860

• 1st industrial revolution
• Economic inventions stimulated econ. Growth
• Textile industry sparked the revolution
• Creation of a national market economy
• Transportation revolution
• Created regional specialization
• Roads, canals, steamboat, RR
• Irish and German Immigration (old immigration)
• Nativism
• Growth of cities

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Reform

• Driven by the Second great Awakening
• Reformers troubled by modernization of society
• Issues
• Abolition
• Temperance
• Dow
• Womens rights
• Mott, StantonSeneca falls conference
• Launched the modern womens rights movement
• Education
• Mannsupported free education
• Mental institutions
• Dix
• Wilderness utopias

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The Civil War 1860-1865
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The Divisive Politics of slavery

• The increased tension and violence between North
  and South leads the nation to the brink of war.
• Compromise of 1820
• Wilmot Proviso
• Compromise of 1850
• Kansas-Nebraska Act
• Dred Scott Case (1857)slaves are property
• 1860 election

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The Civil War

• Strengths/weaknesses of North and South
• Preserve the Union
• Emancipation proclamation
• Political problems
• Suspend habeas corpus
• Seized telegraph officers
• Expanded powers of the executive office
• The Cost of war
• Income tax
• 620,000 died

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Reconstruction 1863-1877
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Reconstruction and Its effects

• Lasted from 1865-1877
• Lincolns plan
• Ten-Percent Plan
• a southern state could be readmitted into the
  Union once 10 percent of its voters swore an oath
  of allegiance to the Union.
• Presidential Reconstruction
• Andrew Johnson
• Similar to Lincolns plan
• Radical Republicans thought his plan was too easy
  on the South.
• Radical Reconstruction
• Wade-Davis bill
• Freedman's bureau
• 1865 to distribute food and supplies, establish
  schools, and redistribute additional confiscated
  land to former slaves and poor whites. Anyone who
  pledged loyalty to the Union could lease forty
  acres of land from the bureau.
• Military Reconstruction Act or simply the
  Reconstruction Act
• reduced the secessionist states to little more
  than conquered territory, dividing them into five
  military districts, each governed by a Union
  general

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Rec. Cont.

• 13th-no slavery, 14th African-Am. Citizens
• Tenure of Office Act--Johnson impeached yet
  avoided removal from office.
• Grant
• 15th-right to vote
• Hayes ends Recons. 1877. Federal troops were
  removed from the South.
• Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)