Janusz Lewandowski

1
Krzysztof Badyda INSTITUTE OF HEAT
ENGINEERING WARSAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
ITC
http//www.itc.pw.edu.pl
Some Aspects of Energy Efficiency and Energy
Conservation in Power Generation Industry (Round
Table discussion)
Conference on the Future of Energy in Enlarged
Europe Perspectives for RD Co-operation A
contribution within the context of the Weimar
Triangle October 7- 8th, 2004, Warsaw
2
(No Transcript)
3
ITC
General information
The Warsaw University of Technology (WUT) is the
largest academic school of technology in Poland,
employing 2.000 professors. The number of
students is 30.000, most of them study full-time.
There are 17 faculties covering almost all fields
of science and technology. The Institute of Heat
Engineering is part of the Faculty of Power and
Aeronautical Engineering (FPAE - MEiL) of the
WUT. Staff of the Institute - 130 persons, incl.
30 doctor students, and 25 technical and
administration staff.
4
(No Transcript)
5
Institute of Heat Engineering structure
ITC
Management Prof. Janusz Lewandowski Prof.
Jerzy Banaszek - didactics and research Dr
Tomasz Wisniewski - technical aspects,
organisation and finance Division of
Refrigeration, Machines and Equipment for
Chemical and Food Industry - Prof. Jerzy
Sado Division of Power Engineering - Prof.
Andrzej Miller Division of Thermodynamics -
Prof. Roman Domanski Division of Aircraft
Engines - Prof. Piotr Wolanski Division of
Pumps, Drivers and Power Stations - Prof.
Waldemar Jedral
6
ITC
Division of Power Engineering specialities
Scientific fundamentals of machine design and
operation. Apparatus and their sets in power
engineering. Development of methods for
mathematical modelling and simulation of
performance under design, off-design and
transient conditions.

• Objects
• Utility and captive power plants
• Steam and gas turbines
• Combined and cogeneration sets
• Digital simulators of power plant equipment
  turbosets, boilers
• New applications of distributed control systems
• Clean coal and environment protection
  technologies
• Hydrogen and fuel cells

7
ITC
Division of Power Engineering partners/customers

• Transition Technologies (TT) a company
  specialised in implementation of new computer
  technologies in power plant engineering
• Alstom Power Poland steam and gas turbine
  manufacturer
• Vattenfall owner of the largest combined heat
  and power plant in Europe (Siekierki 620 MWel
  and 2000 MWth)
• BOT Group owner of the largest power plant in
  Poland (capacity of 12?370 MWel)
• PKN ORLEN owner of the largest oil refining and
  petrochemical plant in Poland, and of the largest
  captive CHP plant in Poland
• Power plants and combined heat and power plants
  (utility and captive, including the distributed
  power sector)

8
ITC
Division of Power Engineering international
partners/co-operation

• National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science
  and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
• San Diego State University, California, USA
• Kharkov University of Technology, Ukraine
• Moscow Power Engineering Institute (MEI), Russia
• University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
• International Industrial Assessment Center
  DOE,Philadelphia USA (energy audits in industry)

9
Division of Power Engineering Typical projects
in the area of energy saving (realised in
co-operation with industry)
ITC

• Modernisation of turbines adapting of flow
  systems to off-design operating conditions
• Modernisation of boilers adapting to off-design
  operating conditions and/or increase of
  efficiency
• Energy audits for power and other industrial
  plants, proposals of production process
  modernisation or modification
• Modelling of energy and technology systems,
  process losses determination
• Optimisation of load distribution in combined
  heat and power plants using automatic model
  construction (DCS)
• New applications of distributed control systems
  in power generation industry

10
Energy audit at Siekierki Combined Heat and Power
Plant
ITC
Sankey diagram of energy flows for part of the
Siekierki CHP plant in typical conditions
11
Boiler driving with neural networksin Polaniec
Power Plant
ITC
Primary steam
Combustion temperature
Temperatures and their differences
Secondary steam
PW1...6
Concentration L,RCO O2 NOx
OFA
WM1...6
MW1...6
Secondary air
Outlet gases temperature L,R
Total air
12
Optimisation results
ITC

• Reduction of NOx emission by approx. 15-25
• Efficiency increased by approx. 0.2 - 0.7
• Elimination of CO
• Number of flammable parts not increased
• Economic operation of actuators
• Safe switching over (supervision system)
• Improved system reliability

13
ITC
Optimisation of load distribution at a CHP plant
Simplified heat diagram
14
ITC
Optimisation results
Nel MW
t h
t h
Generated electric power
Relative obtainable fuel savings
15
Hydrogen Turbine ProjectWE-NET co-operation
with Japan
ITC
Modified New Rankine Cycle (MNRC) proposal of ITC

H2
O2
H2
O2
O2
H2
HPT
MPT
LPT
16
ITC
Pressurised fluidised bed boiler installation
diagram
17
ITC
Power generation industry in Poland
Installed capacity 35000 MW. Electricity
generation of distributed power generation
sector very low installed capacity (end of
2002 excl. industrial power)
wind power 31 MW, biogas 42 MW, small water
plants 492 MW. Contribution to the energy
production 0.2. Needed intensive development of
electricity sources using renewable
energy. Relatively high rate of electricity
production combined with heat generation. Combined
heat and power plant capacity domination of
large plants. Domination of coal in the energy
sector.
18
ITC
Cogeneration electricity production rate in
Poland from 1985 to 2002 Average for EC (old
15) in 2000 about 10.
19
ITC
Rate of combined electricity production
2001 (selected old and new EC members)
20
ITC
Domination of coal in the electricity production
in Poland Hard coal and lignite 93 !!
21
ITC
Energy efficiency and energy savings proposals
of co-operation

• Research on advanced power systems with use of
  hydrogen, esp. two-source systems
• Research and analysis of clean coal technologies
• Analysis of new concepts of zero CO2 emission
  power generation technologies
• Fuel cell hybrid systems - research and
  development
• Implementation of mathematical modelling of power
  installations in collaboration with distributed
  control systems (DCS)
• New concept of power plant information system

22
ITC
Fuel cell hybrid systems
Recently, the interest in investigation on
ultra-efficient electricity generation systems is
focused on the application of fuel cells. From
distributed generation point of view (200 kW to
20 MW), two types of fuel cells are considered
Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell and Solid Oxide Fuel
Cell. These types of fuel cells require more
complex configuration of power plant cycle for
proper operation. The introduction of fuel cell
into power plant cycle creates a hybrid system.
The research and development of these hybrid
systems is a key for future use of this kind of
energy sources. The focus of investigations
should be laid on design, off-design and dynamic
simulations of hybrid systems.
23
Implementation of mathematical modelling of power
installations in collaboration with distributed
control systems (DCS)
ITC
The new abilities for data transfer and recording
within the DCS make the implementation of
different application software possible. The
software co-operating with DCS can also generate
information for the system. That makes simulation
of operation of controlled installation elements
possible. Examples of projects of implementation
of mathematical modelling for DCS applications,
realised in our Institute digital simulator of a
back-pressure extracting steam turbine, digital
simulator of a steam boiler, optimisation of load
distribution in captive and utility power plants
(combined heat and power), software products
supporting operation of power plants .
24
ITC
New concept of power plant information system
Distributed control systems (DCS) are installed
in all major power and industrial plants. The
automatic collection of technical data and
computer processing ability open and even force
new opportunities of process control and
maintenance. On the other hand, a new concept of
management information system (MIS) organisation
in power plants and companies should be done. The
new policy on the Polish energy market strongly
speeds the consolidation of generators into power
concerns up. Therefore, in several enterprises
kind of remote management centres will be
created. New MISs need to be used for them. A
concept of complex utilisation data warehouse and
power portal (internet type GUI), which seems
to be the most suitable for this kind of
application, was presented in multiple papers.
25
Krzysztof Badyda INSTITUTE OF HEAT
ENGINEERING WARSAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
ITC
http//www.itc.pw.edu.pl
THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION !
Krzysztof Badyda D.Sc., Ph.D.ProfessorWarsaw
University of TechnologyInstitute of Heat
EngineeringNowowiejska 25 Str.pl 00-665
Warszawatel. (48-22) 660-5281, 825-29-01fax.
(48-22) 825-25-65e-mail badyda_at_itc.pw.edu.pl
Conference on the Future of Energy in Enlarged
Europe Perspectives for RD Co-operation A
contribution within the context of the Weimar
Triangle October 7- 8th, 2004, Warsaw