GALILEO

1
GALILEO
2

• Existing Systems (1)
• United States of America
• Fully operational with a minimum of 24
  satellites
• Worldwide millions of civil users
• US promise for free of charge availability to
  civil users
• Selective availability switched off in May
  2000
• Updates decided GPS IIF, III
• Military control
• Russian Federation
• Around 8 satellites operational
• Few civil applications
• Military control

3
Existing Systems (2)
GPS/GLONASS SATELLITE BASED AUGMENTATION SERVICES
(SBAS)

• USA WAAS
• EUROPE EGNOS
• JAPAN MSAS
• Elsewhere planning stage

4
The European Approach
Step 1 EGNOS is to provide civil complement to
GPS over larger European area, interoperable with
WAAS, into operations during 2004
EGNOS is an initiative of the European
Commission, Eurocontrol and ESA
Step 2 Autonomous European GNSS GALILEO
5
(No Transcript)
6
What Service the EGNOS System will Provide to
users ?
GEO
Integrity (Use / Don't Use)
GPS-like signals
Differential corrections
ACCURACY AVAILABILITY CONTINUITY
SAFETY
7
EGNOS System Architecture overview
Space Segment
User Segment
Ranging and Integrity Monitoring Stations
NLES (two per GEO)
RIMS1
RIMS2
RIMS n
Ground Segment
EGNOS Wide Area Network
MCC1
MCC2
MCC3
MCC4
PACF
ASQF
Support Facilities
Master Control Centers
CPF
CCF
8
(No Transcript)
9
Why Galileo

• Strategic
• to protect European economies from dependency on
  other states systems that could deny access to
  civil users at any time, and to enhance safety
  and reliability.

10
Why Galileo (2)

• Commercial to secure an increased share for
  Europe in the equipment market, related
  technologies and value added services. In the
  future the role of GNSS will increase
  substantially and everyone worldwide will use it
  on a daily basis. Many value added services will
  develop. A monopoly of one state may lead to
  misuse of such position thereby weakening
  European industries competitiveness

11
Why Galileo (3)

• Macro-Economic deliver efficiency savings for
  industry, create social benefits through cheaper
  transport, reduced congestion and less pollution
  and stimulate employment.

12
The five categories of GALILEO Services (1/2)

• Open service
• Mass market applications
• Competitiveness with other GNSS systems and
  their evolutions
• Interoperability with other GNSS systems (dual
  receivers)
• Free of charge
• Safety of life
• ICAO and IMO regulations
• Service guarantees
• Certification-liability
• Commercial service
• Added value services (higher accuracy, data
  broadcast, authentication) with respect to the
  open service
• Service guarantees
• Interface with Service Providers

13
The five categories of GALILEO Services (2/2)

• Public Regulated Service
• Public applications (police, civil protection,
  emergency services, )
• Critical and strategic applications (energy,
  telecommunications,)
• Continuity and robustness
• Controlled access and service denial, through
  encryption
• Support to the international Search and Rescue
  effort
• Compatible with international SAR COSPAS-SARSAT
• Improvement of accuracy of locations of distress
  beacons near real time detection return link
  for acknowledgement message

14
Overall Architecture - Schematic
15
Overall Architecture - Physical View
Constellation - 30 satellites
11 m antenna
from External Regional
Mission
C-band
Up-link
Mission
C-band
Up-link
TTC
S-band
Up-link
Integrity Systems (ERIS)
(
nav
/
integ
/SAR/NRS/PRS)
(
nav
/
integ
/SAR/NRS/PRS)
(
incl
.
nav
degraded data)

5 Dedicated Mission Up-link Sites
5 Combined Galileo Up-link Sites (global
coverage)
external
services
from ERIS
from SR
Ground
Satellite
Mission
Service
Key
Assets
Control
Control
Products
Mng
.
Control
Facility
Facility
Facility
Faciliy
to
Facility
SCF
MCF
SPF
KMF
GACF
Time Service
Provider
IPFs
OSPFs
PTF
Operated Components
MGF
Galileo Control
Centre
GCC
2
Galileo Control
Centre
GCC
1
Communications Network
29 Galileo Sensor Stations
(Global Coverage)
part. redundancy
16
Overall Architecture Building Blocks

• Galileo Control Centre (GCC) groups control and
  processing facilities
• OSPF Orbit determination and time
  Synchronization Processing Facility
• IPF Integrity Processing Facility
• PTF Precise Timing Facility including highly
  stable clocks and time steering with UTC(k) as
  well as Galileo System Time generation
• GACF Ground Assets Control Facility for MC of
  ground segment elements and data archive
• MCF Mission Control Facility for on-line and
  off-line mission planning
• MGF Message Generation Facility for the
  multiplexing of mission data up-links
• SCF Satellite Control Facility for on-line and
  off-line constellation management and satellites
  command control
• SPF Service Products Facility for delivery of
  core products related to service centres and
  other external I/Fs such as BIPM/IERS/

gtgt
17
Overall Architecture Building Blocks

• Galileo Sensor Stations (GSS) 29 stations for
  ODTS and Integrity purposes. Each station hosts
  3 Rx chains navigation/integrity/backup and an
  atomic clock.
• Galileo TTC Stations (S-band) (TTC) 5 stations
  each hosting one 11-m antenna dish
• Galileo Mission Up-link Stations (C-band) (ULS)
  10 stations each hosting 3 or 4 3-m antenna
  dishes
• World Wide Communications network

18
Space Segment Constellation
Walker 27/3/1 plus 3 in-orbit spares (1/plane)
altitude 23616 km
Period 14 hr 22 minGround track repeat cycle 3
days
19
Space Segment - Galileo Spacecraft
Overall Spacecraft 680 Kg / 1.6 kW
class Launcher Options Ariane, Proton, Soyuz
20
Space Segment Galileo Satellite
C-Band Antenna
21
Space Segment Galileo Payload
22
Space Segment - Payload Design

• The timing subsystem has two pairs of redundant
  clocks, each pair comprising two different
  technologies (Rubidium Clock and Passive H-Maser)
• The signal generation subsystem provides
  formatting, encoding modulation of carrier
  frequencies, controlled by the navigation
  processor
• The RF subsystem amplifies the modulated
  carriers, the baseline being use of solid state
  power amplifier technology
• The antenna subsystem transmits the navigation
  signals to users
• The C-band Rx subsystem receives navigation and
  integrity (mission) data uplinks from ground (up
  to 6 channels simultaneous)

23
Space Segment - On-board Clocks
Rubidium AtomicFrequency Standard 3.5 Kg mass
30 W power
Navigation Payload 115 Kg / 780 W

• Frequency Standards
• Rubidium
• Cheaper and Smaller
• Better short-term stability (less than 10
  nsec per day)
• Subject to larger frequency variation caused
  by environment conditions
• Passive H-Maser
• outstanding short-term and long term
  frequency stability (less than 1 nsec per day)
• frequency drift

Passive Hydrogen Maser 15 Kg mass 70 W power
24
Ground Segment Architecture I/F
Galileo Space Segment
C-Band
S-Band
L-Band
GMS
GCS
ULS
GSS
TTC
10 Sites
29 Sites
5 Sites
Sat/Payload Manufacturers OBSM
GCC
2 Centers
25
Ground Segment Ground Control System
Galileo Space Segment
S-Band TC, TM and Ranging
L-Band Signal in Space
C-Band Mission Up-Links
x5
MC data
Key Management
Constellation Man. Satellite
Control
MC of Ground Assets
SCF Satellite Control Facility, GACF Ground
Assets Control Facility, KMF Key Managment
Facility
Ground Mission System (GMS)
Ground Control System (GCS)
26
Ground Segment Integrity Concept
Protection level
Alert Limit
Computed navigation solution
Alert Limit lt Protection Level ? Alert (Abort
Landing)
Alert Limit gt Protection Level ? No Alert
(Continue Landing)

• The integrity function provides timely warning to
  the user that the accuracy of the service is not
  sufficient for the intended application

27
Ground Segment Ground Mission System
Galileo Space Segment
C-Band Mission Up-Links
L-Band Signal in Space
S-Band TC, TM and Ranging
x10
x29
GSS - Galileo Sensor Station, IPF Integrity
Processing Facility OSPF Orbitogr.
SynchronisationProcessing Facility, PTF
PrecisionTiming Facility, MCF MissionControl
Facility, SPF ServiceProduct Facility
Ground Mission System (GMS)
Ground Control System (GCS)
28
Regional Integrity

• In addition to Global Integrity, Galileo
  architecture provides interfaces for Regional
  Integrity Networks
• Objectives
• Provide external Regions independent means to
  determine Galileo integrity for Safety-of-Life
  services (liability / certification)
• Functionalities
• Integrity determination through Regional IPF
• Integrity dissemination through Regional ULS

29
Search And Rescue - SAR Mission

• SAR/Galileo Mission - Support to Search and
  Rescue Services, representing European
  contribution to the international co-operative
  effort on the humanitarian Search and Rescue
  activities.
• SAR/Galileo shall
• Fulfill the requirements and regulations of the
  IMO (International Maritime Organization) and of
  the ICAO (International Civil Aviation
  Organization) for the detection of emergency
  beacons
• Be backward compatible with the COSPAS-SARSAT
  system to efficiently contribute to this
  international Search and Rescue effort.
• SAR/Galileo will provide enhanced service with
  significant improvements
• Reduced detection, localization and confirmation
  delay
• Extended distress message with additional
  information to improve SAR operations
• Multiple satellite coverage to avoid terrain
  blockage in severe conditions
• Increased availability of the space segment
• New Return Link Service from Rescue Co-ordination
  Centers to the distress-emitting beacon
• Forward link via stand-alone payload (with
  SAR-dedicated up/downlink antenna).
• Return link integrated into navigation messages
  on L1 (up to 6 messages/min), integrated within
  the Galileo Ground Segment.

30
Search And Rescue SAR Architecture
Return Link Message in L1
SAR signal (406 MHz)
9
2
Return Message
8
Transponded SAR signal (1544 MHz)
1
Activated Emergency Beacon
Galileo UpLink Station
7
3
via Return Link Service Provider
Rescue Operation
Beacon location
6
Return Message
5
MEOLUT
Beacon location
4
Mission Control Centre(SAR MCC)
Rescue Coordination Centre
31
Transport

• Aeronautical Applications
• Aircraft Navigation for all phases of flight
• Surveillance Applications (ADS-B and SMGCS)
• UAV guidance
• Free flight

32
Transport

• Road Applications
• Route Guidance (including real-time traffic
  information)
• Emergency and Breakdown Assistance Services
• Automatic Driver Assistance
• Fleet Management
• Stolen Vehicle Recovery
• Traffic Information in Public Transport

33
Transport

• Maritime Applications
• Maritime Navigation
• Fishing
• Precision harbour approach and docking
• Survey and inspection
• Dredging and cable laying
• Marine construction
• Emergency and rescue operations
• Positioning of navigation buoys
• Inland waterways navigation

34
Transport

• Rail Applications
• Signalling and train control Infrastructure data
  collection, End of movement authority,
  Supervision to buffer stops,
• Passenger information Pre-trip information,
  
  On-trip information
• Management information systems Fleet
  management, Cargo monitoring,
  Rolling stock
  maintenance

35
Professional Applications

• Agriculture, precision farming
• Fisheries
• Forestry
• Civil Engineering, Mining, Oil
• Static Applications, Public Works
• Surveying and Mapping
• Timing and synchronization
• Banking
• Electricity network
• Communication network

36
Scientific Applications

• Surveying
• Geodesy
• Geology
• Meteorology
• Vulcanology
• Monitoring dam deformations

37
Location Based Services Applications

• Local Information
• Navigation Assistance
• Emergency Services (E 112)
• Commerce
• Mobile Call routing/billing
• Personal Assistance
• Gaming

38
Leisure

• Leisure boat
• Hiking
• Rally raid

39
GPS/E
GPS/E
and
and
GNOS
GNOS
G
G
together
together
ALILEO
ALILEO
Interoperability Compatibility
40
INTEROPERABILITY

• LEVEL OF INTEROPERABILITY DEPENDS ON
• Simplicity of user segment (receiver design)
• Market considerations / economic aspects
• Vulnerability (common mode failures)

41
Compatibility

• No harmful mutual degradation of signals
• backwards compatibility (GPS)
• forward compatibility

42
Public Regulated Service PRS
43
Why PRS?

• The need for the Public Regulated Service (PRS)
  results from the analysis of threats to the
  Galileo system and the identification of
  infrastructure applications where disruption to
  the Signal in Space by economic terrorists,
  malcontents, subversives or hostile agencies
  could result in damaging reductions in national
  security, law enforcement, safety or economic
  activity within a significant geographic area.

44
PRS applications (1)

• Trans-European level
• Law Enforcement (e.g. EUROPOL, Transport Policy
  Regulations, Customs, OLAF)
• Emergency Services (e.g. Maritime Safety Agency,
  peace keeping forces, humanitarian
  interventions.)

45
PRS Applications (2)

• Member States levels
• Public applications devoted to European and/or
  National Security, such as police, civil
  protection, law enforcement, customs and excise,
  emergency services, civil defence applications,
• Regulated or critical transport, energy and
  telecommunications infrastructures,
• Economic, commercial and industrial activities
  that are deemed of National or European strategic
  interest.

46
PRS Characteristics

• The PRS will provide a higher level of
  protection against the threats to Galileo Signals
  in Space than is available for the Open Services
  (OS, CS and SoL) through the use of appropriate
  technologies.

47
PRS Characteristics (2)

• The Public Regulated Service signals will be
  broadcasted on separate frequencies with respect
  to other GALILEO satellite-only services, so as
  not to lose the PRS when the other services are
  denied locally. They are wide band signals so as
  to be resistant to involuntary interference or
  malicious jamming and therefore offer a better
  continuity of service.

48
PRS Characteristics (3)

• The PRS signals would contain an authentication
  message that would be decrypted by the receiver.
  Only messages with authentication will be used
  the others would be automatically rejected.