Technical Drawings

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Technical Drawings

• The Design Process

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Technical Drawings
Introduction

• Technical Drawings
• Provide a universal graphical language
• Graphics and documentation (notes and specs) used
  by,
• Manufacturers to fabricate products
• Construction professionals to build structures
• Civil engineers on projects (roads, dams,
  bridges)
• Other terms often used to describe the creation
  of technical drawings are
• drafting,
• engineering graphics,
• engineering drawings,
• and CAD (Computer Aided Design).

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Technical Drawings

• Types
• Sketches
• Pencil and paper drawings gtgt nearly obsolete
• CAD drawings
• Uses
• To accurately convey information on complicated
  systems
• To direct the manufacturing and construction
  process
• To succinctly covey ideas during the design
  process

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The Design Process 5 steps

• DEFINE the problem
• Needs assessment gtgtgt focus on user
• Identify requirements and constraints
• Write out a list of objectives
• 2. EXPLORE the problem
• What are the controlling concepts?
• Identify models that can be used to represent the
  problem
• Evaluate existing technologies and methods that
  may apply
• 3. GENERATE AND ANALYZE solutions
• Generate alternative solutions
• How has this problem been addressed in the past?
• Analyze each to determine its fit within the
  requirements
• 4. EVALUATE and CHOOSE.
• Compare the results of each design option to the
  requirements
• 5. TEST and IMPLEMENT
• Develop testing procedures and verify solution
• Formalize the design and prepare final drawings
  and/or prototypes
• Communicate the design

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Design define the problem

• For example
• Before design the architectural designer needs to
  know about
• Desired style
• Number of bedrooms and baths
• Budget
• The site (hilly or flat, soils, vegetation, etc.)
• Site orientation
• . And much more

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Design explore the problem

• Examples
• Controlling concepts in engineering
• Mechanics
• Thermodynamics
• Electronics
• Identify requirements and constraints
• It has to get 40 mpg
• The battery should last 6 hours
• The cost to consumer should be lt 100
• It needs to be in production in 6 months
• Identify models that can be used to represent the
  problem
• Graphical, mathematical, physical, computer,

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Design generate ideas and analyze

• Preliminary designs
• Meet the needs
• What has already been done
• Ideation, or brainstorming process.
• During this step, multiple solutions to the
  design problem may be generated
• in the form of free-hand sketches, formal CAD
  drawings, or even rendered
• three-dimensional models.
• Analyze potential solutions for performance
• Show these to the client
• Refine the clients needs and expectations
• Educate the client about other, possibly better,
  solutions

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Design evaluate, choose, test and implement

• Evaluate options against predefined criteria
• Choose the best option
• Test
• Implement -
• Prepare design inputs and then final drawings,
• free-hand sketches with dimensional information
• detailed notes
• CAD models
• Plans and specifications

Example of an engineers sketch of a foundation
detail for a house.
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CAD Software
Popular CAD programs include AutoCAD, Inventor,
SolidWorks, and ProE.
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From Sketch to CAD
Below is a CAD detail prepared by a drafter using
the designers sketch shown previously
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Applications
Architects and Architectural engineers
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Applications
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Applications
Mechanical, Aeronautical or Aerospace engineers
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Applications
Civil engineers,
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Applications
Electrical engineers
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Applications
Pipeline engineers