GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM Status and U'S' Policy Update

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GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMStatus and U.S. Policy
Update

• Swedish Radio Navigation Seminar
• Stockholm, Sweden
• October 21, 2008

Charles Daniels Senior Advisor, National
Coordination Office United States of America
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Overview

• Introduction
• Global Positioning System
• Modernization Plans
• U.S. Policy

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Space-Based PNT Applications Impact A Wide Range
of Economic Activities
Satellite Operations
Power Grid Management
Communications Network Synchronization
Trucking Shipping
Personal Navigation
Fishing Boating
Aviation
Surveying Mapping
Oil Exploration
Precision Agriculture
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Introduction

• Like the Internet, GPS is a critical component of
  the global information infrastructure
• Scalable applications enabling broad new
  capabilities
• Facilitating innovations in efficiency, safety,
  environmental protection, public security and
  science
• During the past decade, GPS has grown into a
  global utility providing space-based positioning,
  navigation and timing (PNT)
• Consistent, predictable, dependable policy and
  performance
• Augmentations improve performance

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GPS Introduction

• Owned and operated by the U.S. Government
• Funded by U.S. taxpayers
• Managed at a national level as a multi-use asset
• Acquired and operated by the U.S. Air Force on
  behalf of the U.S. Government per US Law Title
  10, Section 2281
• 30 years of operation 1st launch February 1978
• GPS service is a one-way broadcast, like FM radio
• Unlimited number of users
• Civil GPS signals are free of direct user fees
• Public domain documentation
• Available on an equal basis to users and industry
  
• Anyone in the world can develop GPS user equipment

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Overview

• Introduction
• Global Positioning System
• Modernization Plans
• U.S. Policy

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The Global Positioning System

• Baseline 24 satellite constellation in medium
  earth orbit
• Global coverage, 24 hours a day, all weather
  conditions
• Satellites broadcast precise time and orbit
  information on L-band radio frequencies
• Two types of signals
• Standard (free of direct user fees)
• Precise (U.S. and Allied military)
• Three segments
• Space
• Ground control
• User equipment

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GPS Constellation Status
31 Healthy SatellitesAs of October 17, 2008
(Baseline Constellation 24)

• 33 Satellites on Orbit
• 13 Block IIA
• 12 Block IIR
• 6 Block IIR-M
• 2 Block IIA Spares
• Next launchs
• March 2009 IIR-M 20
• August 2009 IIR-M 21 (Last IIR)
• October 2009 1st Launch of IIF

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GPS Operational Control Segment (OCS)
Alaska
England
Schriever AFB Colorado
S Korea
Vandenberg AFB California
USNO
Cape Canaveral
Hawaii
Bahrain
Kwajalein
Ecuador
Tahiti
Diego Garcia
Ascension
S Africa
Argentina
Australia
New Zealand
Ground Antenna
OCS Monitor Station
Master Control Station
Monitor Station
NGA Monitor Station
Backup Master Control Station
Ground Antenna
Future Monitor Station
Master Control Station (Schriever AFB)
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GPS Signal in Space Performance
Global GPS civil service performance
commitment continuously met since 1993 (15 yrs)
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GPS SPS PS UPDATE

• COMPARISON OF GPS SPS PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS

Green color indicates improvement in U.S.
Government commitment to GPS civil service As
measured and reported at web site
(http//www.nstb.tc.faa.gov/) As measured and
reported at web site (http//www.gps.afspc.af.mil/
gpsoc/)
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International Augmentations
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Overview

• Introduction
• Global Positioning System
• Modernization Plans
• U.S. Policy

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Recent GPS Improvements

• Launched 3 modernized satellites in past year
• Largest GPS constellation size ever
• Second Civil Signal (L2C) now on orbit
• Transitioned to modernized master control station
• Improved operational flexibility and
  responsiveness
• Added backup control station
• Expanded GPS ground network to triple amount of
  monitor data sent to control station
• 10-15 improvement in accuracy of GPS data
  broadcast

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GPS Modernization Program
Block IIA/IIR
Block III
Block IIR-M, IIF

• Backward compatibility
• 4th civil signal (L1C)
• Increased accuracy
• Increased anti-jam power
• Assured availability
• Navigation surety
• Controlled integrity
• Increased security
• System survivability

• IIR-M IIA/IIR capabilities plus
• 2nd civil signal (L2C)
• M-Code (L1M L2M)
• IIF IIR-M capability plus
• 3rd civil signal (L5)
• Anti-jam flex power

• Basic GPS
• Standard Service
• Single frequency (L1)
• Coarse acquisition (C/A) code navigation
• Precise Service
• Y-Code (L1Y L2Y)
• Y-Code navigation

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Modernized GPS New Signals

• Second civil signal (L2C)
• Designed to meet commercial needs
• Higher accuracy through ionospheric correction
• Began with GPS Block IIR-M in Sep 2005 24
  satellites 2014
• Third civil signal (L5)
• Designed to meet demanding requirements for
  transportation safety (safety-of-life)
• Uses highly protected Aeronautical Radio
  Navigation Service (ARNS) band
• First launch 2009 (GPS IIR-M Demo) 2009 (GPS
  IIF) 24 satellites 2016
• Fourth civil signal (L1C)
• Designed with international partners to enable
  GNSS interoperability
• Begins with GPS Block III First launch 2014
  24 satellites 2021

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Benefits of GPS Modernization

• System-wide improvements in accuracy,
  availability, integrity, and reliability to
• Meet increasing civil, commercial and military
  demands
• Higher standalone accuracy
• More robust against interference
• Provides separate more secure Military signal
• Full capability of second (L2C) and third (L5)
  civil signals
• Full Capability of L1C for interoperability with
  other GNSS
• Improved indoor, mobile, and urban use

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GPS III Update

• Contract for GPS III-A satellites awarded in May
  08
• Selective Availability feature to be eliminated
• First Launch 2013
• Contracts for Next-Generation Operational Control
  Segment (OCX) awarded in January 08
• Will implement full functionality of L2C and L5
• Future increments of GPS III will incorporate
  additional capabilities
• As technology matures and new requirements are
  validated

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Overview

• Introduction
• Global Positioning System
• Modernization Plans
• U.S. Policy

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U.S. Policy History

• 1978 First GPS satellite launched
• 1983 U.S. President offers free civilian access
  to GPS
• 1996 U.S. policy establishes joint
  civil/military GPS management

• 1997 U.S. Congress passes law that civil GPS
  shall be provided free of direct user fees
• 2000 U.S. President set Selective Availability
  to Zero
• 2004 U.S. President issues U.S. Policy on
  Space-Based PNT
• 2007 U.S. President announces Selective
  Availability will no longer be built into
  modernized GPS III satellites

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U.S. Policy Promotes Global Use of GPS Technology

• No direct user fees for civil GPS services
• Provided on a continuous, worldwide basis
• Open, public signal structures for all civil
  services
• Promotes equal access for user equipment
  manufacturing, applications development, and
  value-added services
• Encourages open, market-driven competition
• Global compatibility and interoperability with
  GPS
• Service improvements for civil, commercial, and
  scientific users worldwide
• Protection of radionavigation spectrum from
  disruption and interference

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National Space-Based PNT Organization
WHITE HOUSE
Ad HocWorking Groups
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Keys to the Global Success of GPS

• Program Stability and Performance
• Civil service performance commitment met
  continuously since December 1993
• Continuity of constellation and signals ensured
  through Air Force operation and acquisition
• Continuous improvements in accuracy,
  availability, etc.
• Funding through U.S. taxpayers
• Policy Stability and Transparency
• Open access to civil GPS signals, free of direct
  user fees
• Open, free, and stable technical documentation
• Market-based competition worldwide
• Liberal export controls on GPS user equipment
• National-level policy coordination including
  civil and military leaders
• Commercial Entrepreneurship and Investment

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U.S. Cooperation Efforts

• Cooperative relationships established with
  Europe, Japan, Russia, India, Australia
• U.S. goals
• Compatibility and interoperability
• National security
• Level playing field in global markets
• Multilateral cooperation
• International Committee on GNSS
• ICAO, IMO, NATO

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Goal of Civil Interoperability

• Ideal interoperability provides users a PNT
  solution using signals from different GNSS
  systems
• No additional receiver cost or complexity
• No degradation in performance

Interoperable Better Together Than Separate
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Summary

• GPS performance is better than designed
• New Civil GPS signal (L2C) now available on 6
  satellites
• Modernization will bring additional improvements
  in Accurary and Availability.
• Implementing U.S. National Space-Based PNT
  Policy
• National Executive Committee directly engaged
• U.S. policy encourages and promotes worldwide use
  of civil GPS and augmentations

International cooperation through GNSS
compatibility and interoperability is a U.S.
priority
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For Additional Information
Briefing available at http//PNT.gov
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Contact Info

• Charles Daniels
• National Coordination Office for Space-Based PNT
• Washington, DC 20230
• Tele 202-482-6726
• Email charles.daniels_at_pnt.g
  ov
• Web sites http//pnt.gov
• http//gps.gov

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BACKUPS
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Second Civil Signal (L2C)

• Designed to meet commercial needs
• Higher accuracy via ionospheric correction
• Expected to generate over 5 billion in user
  productivity benefits
• First launch of L2C 2005
• On 24 satellites by 2016

Benefits existing professional receivers
Increases accuracyfor consumers
Supports miniaturization, possible indoor use
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Third Civil Signal (L5)

• Designed to meet demanding requirements for
  transport safety
• Uses highly protected Aeronautical
  Radionavigation Service (ARNS) band
• May also enable global, centimeter-level accuracy
  using new techniques
• Opportunity for international interoperability
• Demonstration signal to be launched in 2008
• 24 satellites by 2018

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Fourth Civil Signal (L1C)

• Designed with international partners for
  interoperability
• Modernized civil signal at L1 frequency
• More robust navigation across a broad range of
  user applications
• Improved performance in challenged tracking
  environments
• Original signal retained for backward
  compatibility
• Launches with GPS III in 2014
• On 24 satellites by 2021

Under trees
Inside cities
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New Applications Evolve Every Day

• Wireless/mobile applications
• Child/pet tracking
• Spacecraft control
• Power grid management
• Open pit mining
• Automatic snowplow guidance

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GPS Constellation StatusSatellite Age as of
March 2008
16
14
12
10
Years
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6
BLOCK IIA
BLOCK IIR
BLOCK IIR-M
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2
Satellite
53
25
26
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52
58
24
23
39
35
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36
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40
30
38
43
46
47
59
60
61
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55
57
51
44
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54
56
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Augmentations Improve GPS Performance

• Enhanced accuracy
• lt3 m vertical accuracy for aviation
• 2-5 cm for real-time positioning, surveying, etc.
• lt1 cm for geodesy, geology, etc.

• Integrity monitoring
• 6 sec time to alarm for aviation

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U.S. Augmentations
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Wide Area Augmentation System
38 Reference Stations
3 Master Stations
4 Ground Earth Stations
2 Geostationary Satellite Links
2 Operational Control Centers
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WAAS Update

• Two replacement satellites launched in 2005
• Intelsat (Galaxy XV) and Telesat Canada (Anik
  F1R)
• Provides dual coverage over United States
• Service expanded into Canada and Mexico
• New reference stations in Mexico (5) and Canada
  (4)
• Operational Sep 2007

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Nationwide Differential GPS

• Expansion of maritime differential GPS (DGPS)
  network to cover terrestrial United States
• Built to international standard adopted in 50
  countries
• Recent assessment confirmed need to continue
  NDGPS with Department of Transportation as lead
  agency

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National Coordination Office

• Facilitates information sharing, coordination,
  and issue resolution regarding space-based
  positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) across
  the Departments of the U.S. Government
• Evaluates plans to modernize the U.S. space-based
  PNT infrastructure, i.e. GPS and its
  augmentations
• Conducts or oversees space-based PNT studies,
  analyses, and projects that have broad U.S.
  Government participation
• Represents the National Executive Committee on
  space-based PNT with Federal, State, local, and
  tribal governments
• As well as with the private sector and
  representatives of foreign governments

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Executive Committee Activities

• Program Coordination
• Five-Year National Plan
• National PNT Architecture
• GPS Modernization
• Civil GPS Funding
• Nationwide Differential GPS
• Enhanced LORAN
• Distress Alerting Satellite System
• International Cooperation
• Bilateral
• Multilateral

• Spectrum Management
• Interference Detection and Mitigation Plan
• Spectrum Protection Plan
• Outreach
• Publications, websites
• Educational exhibit
• Conferences, workshops, other venues
• Coordination of U.S. message

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