Infrared Application

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Infrared Application

• HASUL KIM

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Introduction

• General information for the infrared wave
• Thermography
• Infrared Imagery
• Commercial application
• -gas detection method
• Military application
  -counter-measurement
• Conclusion

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Blackbody Radiation

• Theoretical ideal IR radiator
• Emissivity (Celsius degree)
• polished aluminum 5(100)
• snow 85(-10)
• human skin 98 (32)

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Characteristics of infrared

• It is invisible since its wavelength is longer
  than visible light. It has nothing to do with
  brightness or darkness of visible light
• It is emitted naturally from any object of which
  temperature is absolute zero(0K) or higher.
  Therefore, it can be applied to any field
• It has a characteristic of heating an object.
  Therefore, it is sometimes called "heat wave".
• It is a kind of light (electromagnetic wave) It
  can be transmitted through vacuum.
• There is a correlation between infrared energy
  and temperature of an object. Therefore, it can
  be used to measure the temperature of an object

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IR transmission

• Major transmission window
• Near, mid, far-infrared ranges

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Infrared Thermography

• Definition
• Infrared thermography is equipment or method,
  which detects infrared energy emitted from
  object, converts it to temperature, and displays
  image of temperature distribution.

http//www.x20.org/thermal/
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Characteristics of infrared thermography
equipment

• It captures as a temperature distribution on a
  surface and it can display as a visible
  information.
• Temperature can be measured from a distance
  without contacting an object.
• Temperature can be measured in real time.

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Merits of infrared thermography equipment

• Relative comparison of distribution of surface
  temperature can be made over a wide area.
• Temperature can be measured easily for a moving
  object or an object which is dangerous to get
  close to.
• Temperature of small object can be measured
  without confusing the temperature.
• Temperature of an object with drastic temperature
  change or a phenomenon during a short period of
  time can be measured.

http//www.avio.co.jp/english/products/tvs/what_th
ermo/index.htm
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Principle of measurement by infrared thermography
equipment
http//www.avio.co.jp/english/products/tvs/what_th
ermo/index.htm
10
Image Format of Infrared Thermography

• Arrangement of detector and image data of
  Infrared Thermography

http//www.avio.co.jp/english/products/tvs/what_th
ermo/index.htm
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Temperature distribution image data

• Temperature distribution
• -matrix of pixels (number of detector for
  example, 320 horizontal X 240 vertical pixels)
• - thermal image data can be transferred to
  PC.
• - the data can be calculated and utilized
  freely.
• - thermal image data is colored up pixel by
  pixel based on temperature

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Infrared Imagery

• Thermal infrared (IR) imagery is imagery that
  shows heat.
• -It is often in the form of a grayscale picture
  whose scales (shades of gray) indicate the
  differences in temperature and emissivity of
  objects in the image.
• -Objects in the image that look lighter are
  colder and those that look darker are warmer.

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http//www.meto.gov.uk/satpics/disk_eur.html
Example of IR imagery

• This image is updated every 6 hours and comes
  from a satellite positioned 36,000 kilometer
  above the Equator.
• The infrared image shows cold areas in white and
  warm areas in black, and the cool clouds can be
  seen clearly against the darker oceans and land.

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Application of the IR (gas detection)

• Strong absorption band beyond 5 micron such as a
  pollutant NOx,Sox
• InSb/InAlSb LED
• Detector similar structure to LED

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Application of the IR
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Military application

• Primary and secondary mirrors focus energy
  through a reticule onto an IR sensing cell.
• A spinning reticule pattern rotates around the
  optical axis of the seeker

• Diagram of IR-guided missile

http//www.deastore.com/pdf/artech/1580536867.pdf
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IR seeker

• A spinning reticule pattern rotates around the
  optical axis of the seeker.
• Seek can sense the direction to the target from
  the timing of the square wave portion of
  waveform.

http//www.deastore.com/pdf/artech/1580536867.pdf
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Infrared countermeasures (1)

• Principal countermeasure against an IR-guided
  missile has been a high temperature flare ejected
  from an aircraft to break the lock of current
  types of missile.
• Missile will home on the flare.
• Flare radiates significantly more IR energy

http//www.deastore.com/pdf/artech/1580536867.pdf
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Infrared countermeasures (2)

• IR jammer generate IR signal which attack the
  guidance signals passed to the sensor in
  IR-guided weapons.
• IR laser generates a modulated high level jamming
  signals.

http//www.deastore.com/pdf/artech/1580536867.pdf
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Conclusion

• We can use an infrared image and detector for an
  civilian and military application.
• Let do more research to make better device !

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Reference

• http//www.deastore.com/pdf/artech/1580536867.pdf

http//www.avio.co.jp/english/products/tvs/what_th
ermo/index.htm
http//www.meto.gov.uk/satpics/disk_eur.html
http//www.x20.org/thermal/