Systems Engineering Part 2 Product Architectures

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Systems EngineeringPart 2Product Architectures
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What is Product Architecture?

• Three related parts
• The definition and the arrangement of functional
  elements
• The mapping of these elements to physical
  components
• The specification of interfaces among
  interacting physical components

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Some System Engineer Roles. . .Formulate and
structure the System

• Architectural Structure
• create a schematic of the product
• reflects the teams best understanding of the
  products functionality
• cluster the elements of the schematic
• reflect geometric integration, function sharing,
• vendor expertise considerations, localization of
  change
• accommodate variety, enable standardization,
• portability of interfaces (laser light,
  electrical vs mechanical)
• create a rough geometric layout
• identify the fundamental and incidental
  interactions between clusters
• define secondary sub-systems

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• Define subsystems from clusters
• Subsystem Architecture
• repeat above at the subsystem level
• Optimizing design across sub-system interfaces
• consider migration of components
• Trade Studies
• Alternative technologies
• Create detailed Specifications
• Planned Evolutionary Changes including Technology
  transparency
• Establishing Error Budgets, weight budgets, power
  budgets, etc.

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A Function Structure for a Trailer
What other functions are possible?
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Functional Elements
Components
Modular Architecture
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Types of Modular Architectures

• Slot
• each component has a different coupling so cannot
  be interchanged (instrument panel of some
  airplanes, some parts of back plane of computers)
• Bus
• Common element which all components can connect
  to (track lighting, Ethernet, )
• Sectional
• All interfaces are the same type (set of blocks)

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What are the advantages and disadvantages of a
modular architecture
?
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Interfaces
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Integral Architecture
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Examples of Integral Architecture

• Fully custom VLSI chip
• One piece monkey suit
• One room studio apartment?
• All in one printer/fax/scanner?
• Other?

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What are the advantages and disadvantages of a
integral architecture?
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Product Evolution

• Upgrade
• Add-ons
• Adaptation
• Wear
• Consumption
• Flexibility
• Maintainability
• Feature bundling

Well-designed product architectures accommodate
these life cycle changes
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Product Families

• Spin out a variety of products from a common set
  of modules
• Reuse extensively
• Fast turn-around experiments to test market
  acceptance of features and to satisfy different
  segments
• Change Technology platforms infrequently

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Trailer Example

• Different load strength trailer beds
  (modularized)
• normal or heavy duty environmental protection?
• Three sets of suspension springs
• Air drag streamlining or standard

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Electronic Example

• Consider Digital Design Alternatives
• Breadboard SSI
• Microprocessor/Microcomputer
• Full Custom (Transistor by transistor)
• Standard Macrocell
• Gate Array
• Field Programmable Logic Array

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Comparing Design Styles
Full Custom
Standard Macrocell
performance
Gate Array
FPLA
Microprocessor
Breadboard SSI
Modularity/Speed to market
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Modular/IntegralWhich is preferred?

• Feature M I
• Performance
• Time to Market
• Cost
• Upgrade
• Competitive defense
• Developing World

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How to achieve product variety
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Developing World ArchitecturesGiven conditions
in Guatemala is there a bias for any particular
architectural style?

• Condition

• Drives style