Materials Classification

1
??? ???? ??????? ??????
2
Chapter 2 Engineering Materials ????? ??????
?????? ????????
????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????
???????????
King Saud University College of Engineering in
Al-Kharj Mechanical Engineering Department
3
Materials Classification ????? ?????? ????????

• ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????

????? ??? ?????? ????????
????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????
4
????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????

• Ferrous Metallic Materials
• (?)- ???? ?????? ??????
• ??? ?????? ? ?????? ????????

Non - Ferrous Metallic Materials (?)- ????
?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ? ?????????? ?
?????? ? ?????
Organic Materials (?)- ???? ????? ??? ??????
??????? ? ???????
Synthetic Materials (?)- ???? ???????? ???
??????? (???????)
5
????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????

• Raw Materials
• (?)- ???? ???
• ??? ?????? ? ????? ??????

Semi-Raw Materials (?)- ???? ??? ??? ????? ???
?????? ????? ? ????? ???????
Semi-Finisched Materials (?)- ???? ??? ????? ???
??????? ? ????? ??????????
Finisched Materials (?)- ???? ????? ??? ?????
???? ??????? ? ???????? ???????? ????????
6
????? ??? ?????? ????????

• Metallic Materials
• (?)- ???? ??????

Ceramic Materials (?)- ???? ?????
Polymers (?)- ??????? (?????????)
Composites Materials (?)- ?????? ???????
7
(No Transcript)
8

• (1)- ????? ??????? ??????

(3)- ??????? ????????
?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??
??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????
(2)- ?????? ??????? ??????
(4)- ?????? ??????? ?? ???????
9
Ferrous Materials ?????? ???????? ????????

• Carbon Steel
• (1)- ????? ????????

Cast Iron (3)- ?????? ?????
Alloy Steel (2)- ????? ????????
10
High and Ultra-High Carbon Steel ????? ??????
???????
Carbon Steel (1)- ????? ????????
Medium Carbon Steel ????? ????? ???????

• Low (Mild) Carbon Steel
• ????? ??????? ???????

11
(No Transcript)
12
Alloy Steel (2)- ????? ???????? is carbon steel
alloyed with other elements, usually molybdenum,
manganese, chromium, vanadium, silicon, boron or
nickel Examples

• Nickel Steel
• ????? ???????

High Speed Steel ????? ???? ???????
Chromium Steel ????? ???????
13
(No Transcript)
14
Cast Iron(3)- ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??
???? 2.1-4 ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???
Silicon, Manganese, Phosphor, ? ???? ????
???????? ???? ?? 1-3 ????? ?????? ?????
??????? ???????- ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????
?????? - ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? - ?????
????? ? ???? ???????- ??? ????????
15

• White Cast Iron
• (?)- ???? ??? ????

Malleable Cast Iron (?)- ???? ??? ??????
Cast Iron (3)- ?????? ?????
Grey Cast Iron (?)- ???? ??? ?????
Ductile Cast Iron (?)- ???? ????? ?????
16
(No Transcript)
17
- ?? ??? ? ??? ????? ??????????? ????? - ?? ????
?? ????? ?? (??????) ? ???? ???? ??????? ????
????? ?? ??????
- ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????
????? ???? ???? ?????? - ???? ??? ??????
?????????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???
???? ???? ?? ???? ??????

• ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? 900 ???? ????
  ???? 24 ????

????? ???? ?????????? ????? ????? ???? ?????
???????
- ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????
?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ? ???? ?????? ????
? ???? ????????

• ???? ???????? (??????? ????) ??? ??? ??????
  ?????? ?? ??? ??????
• - ????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ???? ??????
  ???? ? ??????? ? ?????????

18
(No Transcript)
19
Non - Ferrous Metallic Materials ???? ?????? ???
???????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ? ??????? ??
???? ?? ??????? ???????? ? ?? ??? ????????
???????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ??
??????? ????????? ???????????. ? ??? ???? ???????
??? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??
????? ??? ?????? ? ?????? ? ?????????? ? ?????? ?
?????????? ? ???????.
20
Aluminum its alloys ?????????? ? ?????? ?????
?????????? ? ?????? ???????? ??????? 1- ??? ???
?????????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????
?????? 2- ??? ??????? ??????? ? ???????? 3-
??????? ?????? ????? ? ??? ????? ???? ?????
??????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? 4- ????
??????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????? 660 ???? ?????
Duralumin ????? ????????????
Aluminum Silicon Alloy ????? ?????????? ?????????
21
(No Transcript)
22
Cooper its alloys ?????? ? ?????? ??????
?????? ???? ???????? ? ??????? ?????? ????? ??
????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????
? ??????? ???????? ? ??? ??????? ??????? 1-
????? ??????? ??????? ? ???????? 2- ???? ? ????
??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????
????? 3- ????? ?????? ? ??????? 4- ?????? ?????
??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????
???? ?????? ? ??????? ? ???????? ? ?????????? ?
?????? ? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????
?????????
Brass ?????? ??????
Bronze ???????
23
(No Transcript)
24
Material Properties ???? ?????? ???? ?????
????? ?? ???? ?????? ????

• Physical Properties
• ?????? ????????
• ? ????
• ???????
• ????? ??????
• ??????? ???????
• ???? ????????
• ?????? ??????? ???????? ? ???????

• Mechanical Properties
• ?????? ???????????
• ???
• ?????? ??????? ???? ? ????? ? ????
• ?????? ????? ?????
• ???????
• ???????
• ???????

25
????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????
???????????

• Stress
• ???????
• ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????
  ???????? ? ?? ????????? ????????
• ????? ????
• ????? ?????
• ????? ????
• ????? ????
• ????? ?????
• ?????? ??????? ?????? ????
• ? ???? ???? ? s

Strain ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????
?? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????
??????? ???????? ?? ? ???? ???? ? ? ?L /
L
26
????? ???????? ??????? ???????
27

• ??????? ??? ??????? ? ????????
• ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?
  ???????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ??
  ???? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????
  ?? ??????? ??? ???

28

• ?- ??????? Elasticity
• ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????????? ??
  ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????????

?- ??????? Hardness ?????? ?????? ??????? ?
?????? ? ??????
?- ???????Plasticity ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???
???????? ? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????
??????? ??????
?- ??????? Toughness ???? ?????? ??? ??????
?????? ??? ?????
??? ?????? ???????????
?- ???? ?????? Ultimate Strength ????? ?????
???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????
?- ????????? Ductility ???? ?????? ??? ??????
?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???
29

• ?- ??????? Hardening
• ????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??????
  ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? (???, ???,
  ????) ? ??? ?????? ????? ?????

?- ????????? Normalizing ????? ????? ??? ?? ???
???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????
????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???????
??????? Alloy ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????
?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????
??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ????
???? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???????
???????
?- ???????Annealing ????? ????? ?????? ??
?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????
???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???
??????
????????? ???????? ??????? ????????
?- ??????? Case Hardening ????? ?? ????? ?????
??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????
????? ???????? ? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???????
????? ? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????
??????? ? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????
?- ???????? Tempering ????? ????? ?????? ??
?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????
?? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ? ??????.
???? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????
??? ?????? ? ???? ??????
30
????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????
Mechanical Tests ?????? ??? ?????? ???????????
?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????????, ?
?????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ? ????
???? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ???
???????? ????????? ? ???? ????????? ??? ???
?????????? ???????????
???????? ????????? ((Static Tests
???????? ????????? ((Dynamic Tests
??
???
??
??
?????
???
???
????

• ?????? ???? Tensile Test
• ?? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?
  ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??????????? ???????
• ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????
  ??????? ??????? ????????? ? ???? ????
  ????????
• ?- ?-

31
???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ???? ??????
????????
32
??????? ???????

• ??????? ????????? ???????, ????? ?????, ??????,
  ????????? ????, ??? ????? ((1998.
• ???????? ????? - ?????? ??????, ??????? ??????
  ??????? ????? ? ??????? ??????, ??????? ???????
  ????????.

.
33
???? ??? ??? ????????