Proposed Evaporative Emission Standards for Boats

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Proposed Evaporative Emission Standards for Boats
Proposed Evaporative Emission Standards for Boats

• Mike Samulski
• Office of Transportation and Air Quality
• International Boat Builders Exhibition
  Conference
• Session 310 Boat Fuel Systems
• October 11, 2007

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Outline

• Evaporative emission types
• Overview of proposed standards
• Rulemaking process
• Program details
• Questions

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Evaporative Emission Types
Venting emissions (diurnal, hot soak, running
loss)
Refueling/spillage
Permeation (fuel tank, hoses, other)
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Evap Standards
Three decades of automotive evaporative emission
control (full vehicle test/standards)
Nonroad equipment are just now becoming subject
to evaporative emission control
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New Nonroad Standards

• Component based standards
• Fuel and tank permeation
• Component test for diurnal control
• Design-based certification
• Existing standards
• Large SI equipment (2007)
• Recreational vehicles (2008)
• Portable gas cans (2009)

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Proposed Standards

• SI Marine
• Portable tanks
• Tank permeation
• Self-sealing vent
• Vessels
• Hose and tank permeation
• Diurnal emissions
• Refueling spillage
• Small SI as well
• Hose and tank permeation
• Running loss
• Diffusion

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Marine Evap NPRM Overview
Standard/ Category Hose Permeation Tank Permeation Diurnal
Standard level 15 g/m2/day 1.5 g/m2/day 0.40 g/gal/day
Portable tanks 2009 2011 2009a
PWC 2009 2011 2009
Other tanks 2009 2012 2010b
a Design standard self-sealing vent b Fuel
tanks installed in nontrailerable boats ( 26 ft.
in length) may meet a standard of 0.16
g/gal/day over an alternative test cycle

• Refueling Spillage requested comment on
  potential for industry consensus standards (ABYC)

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Rulemaking Process

• publish Final Rulemaking

Implement
FRM (2008)
YOU ARE HERE

• publish Notice of Proposed Rulemaking

• lead time
• certification

Public Comment (closed Aug 3)
NPRM (5/18/07)

• public hearing
• written comment period
• address comments

Pre- Proposal

• gather information
• meet with stakeholders
• SBREFA

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Small Businesses

• Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness
  Act
• Convened SBREFA Panels in 2001 and 2006
• Representatives from engine, boat, tank, and hose
  manufacturers
• Proposal includes all recommendations from panel
  report
• Appropriate lead time
• Broad definition of emission family
• Compliance progress review for fuel tanks
• Engineering design-based certification for tanks
• Fuel tank credit program
• Hardship provisions

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Program Details
Diurnal
Hose Permeation
Refueling Spillage
Tank Permeation
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Proposed Diurnal Standards

• Portable fuel tanks
• Self-sealing valve
• Installed tanks
• Trailerable boats (lt26 ft)
• 0.40 g/gal/day
• 25.6-32.2C
• Nontrailerable boats
• 0.16 g/gal/day
• 27.6-30.2C
• Design-based certification
• Seal tank up to 1.0 psi, or
• Passive-purge carbon canister
• Tank manufacturer would certify

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Diurnal sealed tank with pressure relief
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Diurnal passive carbon canister
72-96F
Temp. Reduction 72-96 F 64 78-90 F
68 81.6-86.4 F 71
canister in boat
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Proposed Hose Standards

• Fuel line
• 15 g/m2/day
• Fuel CE10, 23C
• Boat and engine hose
• Requested comment on more time for under cowl
  hose on outboards
• Primer bulbs
• Vent and fill hose
• Standards do not apply unless hose will hold
  standing fuel
• Fuel line manufacturer would certify

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Hose Low Permeation Materials

• Straight-run hose
• Low permeation hose widely available
• Fluoroelastomer/fluoroplastic barriers
• Molded hose and other rubber components
• Fluroelastomer construction

cover
rubber
SAE J1527 Includes specification For 15 g/m2/day
hose
barrier layer
reinforcement
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Proposed Tank Standards

• 1.5 g/m2/day
• E10 fuel, 28C
• Preconditioning
• Fuel soak
• Durability testing
• Design-based certification
• Metal tanks
• Automotive type multi-layer tanks
• Tank manufacturer would certify

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Tank Permeation barrier treatment

• Fluorination
• Expose tank surfaces to fluorine gas
• Larger F molecules replace smaller H molecules on
  surface
• Sulfonation
• Expose tank surfaces to sulfur trioxide
• Larger sulfonic acid groups form on surface

HC
HC
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Tank Permeation barrier treatment
HDPE Blow-Molded Fuel Tanks g/m2/day
Treatment Tank 1 Tank 2 Tank 3 Average
Baseline 11.5 11.4 11.2 11.4
Sulfonation reduction 2.5 78 2.7 76 2.2 80 2.5 78
Fluorination reduction 0.6 95 0.6 95 0.2 98 0.5 96
Crosslink PE Roto-Molded Fuel Tanks g/m2/day
Treatment Tank 1 Tank 2 Tank 3 Tank 4 Avg.
Baseline 7.5 8.5 -- -- 8.0
Sulfonation reduction 7.3 9 7.8 2 7.2 10 7.7 4 7.5 6
Fluorination reduction 5.7 29 5.0 37 6.2 23 4.6 42 5.4 33
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Tank Permeation barrier platelets
HDPE/EVOH Blow-Molded Fuel Tanks E10
Barrier Permeation g/m2/day
2 4 4 6 6 3.0 1.9 2.0 1.4 1.4
HC
Nanocomposite Fiberglass E10
Tank Size gallons Permeation g/m2/day
14 1.0
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Tank Permeation continuous barrier
Thermoformed HDPE/EVOH Fuel Tanks g/m2/day
29C, E10
Soak Period Tank 1 Tank 2
27 weeks 0.15 0.05
35 weeks 0.07 0.09
44 weeks 0.11 0.04
Average 0.11 0.06
adhesive
HDPE
EVOH
HDPE
adhesive
HDPE/IXEF Blow-molded Test Bottles g/m2/day
29C, E10
Bottle Permeation
1 0.3
2 0.7
3 0.4
XLPE
IXEF
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Tank Permeation continuous barrier
Roto-Molded PE/PA11 Fuel Tanks g/m2/day 29C,
E10
Tank Outer Shell Permeation
1 MDPE 0.7
2 XLPE 0.8
XLPE
PA 11
Roto-Molded PE/CBT Single-Shot Fuel Tanks
Manufacturer testing on 5 gallon tanks showed
permeation results well below proposed standards
XLPE
CBT
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Tank Permeation barrier coating

• Epoxy coatings applied to XLPE tanks
• Adhesion treatment (light fluorination)

Coating Soak Period E10 Permeation g/m2/day
None 29 weeks 7.5 8.5
Inside Thermocured 15 weeks 0.6 0.02 1.0
Outside Thermocured 15 weeks 1.9 3.3 3.3
Outside UV cured additional 6 weeks 0.4
Inspection showed uneven application of the
coating which likely affected permeation results
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Tank Permeation alternative materials
Alternative Material Fuel Tanks g/m2/day 29C,
E10
Tank Material Permeation g/m2/day, 29C, E10
V1 thermoplastic polyester 5.6
C10 C11 C13 impact toughened acetal copolymer 0.8 0.5 0.6
Vandar
Celcon
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Refueling

• Spillage control
• Design filler neck for nozzle with automatic shut
  off, or
• Filler neck orientation to cause fuel flow-back
  into tank
• Approaches
• Redesign of fuel system
• Automatic fuel shut-off before overflow
• Fuel/air separator in vent line

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System Integration

• Industry consensus standards
• SAE J1527 addresses hose permeation
• ABYC H24 potential vehicle for spillage control
• Working with NMMA/ABYC/USCG
• Industry is developing canister installation
  specifications in context of EPA USCG standards
• ABYC is assessing fuel/air separators and fuel
  system designs for spillage control
• NMMA certification

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Questions
http//www.epa.gov/otaq/marinesi.htm
Mike Samulski samulski.michael_at_epa.gov