Orchestral Landmarks

1
Orchestral Landmarks

• The Renaissance (1450 1600)
• The Baroque (1600 1750)
• The Classical (1750 1810)
• The Romantic(1810 1910)
• The Twentieth century

• Lesson 3
• How Baroque developed.
• To develop an understanding of the development of
  early music and its influence on the music that
  followed.

2
What do we know already?
3
Composers of Baroque

• Some important composers that were making changes
  in the era were
• Johann Sebastian Bach
• Antonio Vivaldi
• Henry Purcell
• George Fredrick Handel
• These built on ideas and composers that came
  before them, John Dowland created songs first in
  a renaissance style and later in the new baroque
  ideas.
• Lets do some listening!

4
Forms in the baroque

• The Baroque Concerto
• With the rise of purely instrumental music in the
  Baroque Age, there also arose a flowering of
  instrumental forms and virtuoso performers to
  play them.
• Italian composer and violinist Arcangelo Corelli
  (1653-1713) pioneered the form of the concerto
  grosso, in which the principle element of
  contrast between two independent groups.
• The larger group is called the ripieno and
  usually consisted of a body of strings with
  harpsichord continuo, while a smaller group or
  concertino consisted of two to four solo
  instruments. The various sections of the concerto
  would alternate between fast and slow tempos, or
  movements. Later composers of the period such as
  Johann Sebastian Bach and Antonio Vivaldi
  transformed this genre into the solo concerto, in
  which the solo instrument is of equal importance
  as the string orchestra.
• Lets listen to Corellis Concerto Grosso.

5
Concerto Grosso

• In the concerto grosso the full orchestra (tutti)
  has the ritornello the solo group (concertino)
  has the contrasting episodes.
• This was a very important development because
  this led to the development of the concerto.
  Tutti and solo.
• This did not standardise until Mozart appeared!

6
The Baroque Orchestra

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7
The Baroque Orchestra

• The Baroque orchestra did not have
  standardization.
• It was composed mainly of strings, while wind
  instruments and percussion instruments were used
  less frequently. The bass part of the orchestra
  played the basso continuo. Instruments of
  different kinds doubled on each part as there was
  not much colour definition to the Baroque eras
  orchestration.

8
The Baroque Orchestra
Brass where given no melodies!
No Valves
No Valves

•  

9
Some Features

• Music is generally polyphonic in texture.
• There is usually a harpsichord continuo part.
• Music is clearly defined in major and minor keys.
  
• Melodies are long and flowing imitation and
  sequences.
• Terraced dynamics are employed where the music is
  either loud or soft, depending on the texture of
  the music.
• Ornaments are used frequently.

10
Orchestral Landmarks

• The Renaissance (1450 1600)
• The Baroque (1600 1750)
• The Classical (1750 1810)
• The Romantic(1810 1910)
• The Twentieth century

• Lesson 3
• Styles of the Baroque?
• We should have an understanding of the
  development of baroque Music.
• Homework Log on to the forum and post a thought
  or question and respond to another pupils post.