Late 18th and early 19th centuries: THE TYRANNY OF THE ISMS

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Late 18th and early 19th centuriesTHE TYRANNY
OF THE ISMS
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For western civilization the late 18th and 19th
centuries were periods of turmoil. The church
had long lost its iron grip on everyday life,
monarchs had lost their heads, and democracies
were emerging and suffering growing pains.
Industrialization and urbanization caused the
cities to overflow with poor people dissatisfied
with the status quo.
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The art world became a maze of isms rather than
one era at a time, such as The Baroque, or The
Renaissance. Each ism represented a different
trend in art.
By 1850 three major styles had gained dominance
and competed with one another.
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Movements and counter movements overreacting to
one another kept things in constant turmoil.
Neoclassicism, Romanticism, and Realism were the
3 styles that gained dominance by 1850, and were
constantly competing with one another for a
position as the most important style of art.
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NEOCLASSICISMOrder, solemnityCalm,
rationalGreek and Roman history,
mythologyStressed linear painting (lines are
strong)Not about colorNo trace of
brushstrokesMorally uplifting, inspirational
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J-L. David, The Oath of the Horatti 1784
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20-17 J-L.David, The Death of Marat 1793
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20-18 J-L. David, The Coronation of Napolean
1808
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20-29 Antoine-Jean Gros, Napoleon at the
Pesthouse at Jaffa 1804
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20-30 Anne-Louis Girodet-TriosonThe Burial of
Atala, 1808
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20-31 J-A-D Ingres, Apotheosis of Homer, 1827
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20-32 J-A-D Ingres, The Grande Odalisque 1814
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J-A-D Ingres, The Lady in Blue
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J-A-D IngresDrawing
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Francisco Goya was the court painter to Charles
I of Spain. Goya was not a Neoclassicist (he is
often referred to as a Romantic painter. But
he was neither. He stood alone as one of the
greatest painters of all time. After losing
his hearing and watching his beloved Spain being
ravaged by the invading French, he moved to a
small house outside Madirid where he painted his
renowned Dark paintings. Later he moved to
France, where he died
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Francisco Goya, The Third of May 1808 1814
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Francisco Goya, The Family of Charles IV 1800
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Francisco GoyaSaturn Devouring His Children
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Francisco GoyaThe Giant
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Francisco Goya,Perro enterrado en la arena
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ROMANTICISMRomanticism was the rival of
Neoclassicism. Romanitic artists were
interested in the same themes as the
Neoclassicists but felt that paintings should
have an emotional impact.Emotional energyLots
of actionHeavy paint with brushstrokes (the hand
of the artist)
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Eugene Delacroix, The Death of Sardanapalus, 1826
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Eugene Delacroix, Liberty Leading the People
1830
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20-46 Eugene DelacroixThe Tiger Hunt, 1854
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John Constable, EnglishThe Haywain, 1821
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Angelica Kauffmann,English, The Mother of the
Gracchi 1785
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J. M. W. Turner, EnglishThe Slave Ship (Slavers
Throwing Overboard the Dead and Dying, Typhoon
Coming On) 1840
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Thomas Cole, AmericanThe Oxbow (View from Mount
Holyoke, Northampton, Mass., after a
Thunderstorm,) 1836
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Albert Bierstadt, AmericanAmong the Sierra
Nevada Mts., California, 1868
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Frederic Edwin Church, AmericanTwilight in the
Wilderness, 1860s
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