HONP210 Lecture Topics 101305

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HONP210 Lecture Topics 10/13/05

• Quick Review
• Plate Tectonic Theory

No Lab next week Read Chapters 4 and 5
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Solar System Formation
Contraction
Condensation
Planetesimal Accretion
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Inner Planets form here
Outer Planets form here
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Early Earth is hot, hot, hot!!!
Heat Sources

• Gravitational collapse

• Heavy bombardment of planetesimals

• Radioactive decay

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Origin of Atmosphere and Oceans
Atmosphere - outgassing of nantle by volcanic
eruptions
Oceans - condensation of water vapor
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Radius 6370 km
Distance to Core is 1/2 the radius (2900 km
depth)
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HONP210 Lecture Topics 10/13/05

• Quick Review
• Plate Tectonic Theory

No Lab next week Read Chapters 4 and 5
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Global Sea Floor Topography
red, yellow, green shallow
blue, purple deep
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Global Seismicity (1975-1995)
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Global Distribution of Active Volcanoes
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Age of Oceanic Lithosphere
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Plate Tectonic Theory

• 6 large plates (e.g., Pacific Plate)

• 7-10 small plates (e.g., Arabian Plate)

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Up to 17 cm/yr
Plate Velocity
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Types of Plate Boundaries

• Divergent

• Transform

3. Convergent

• ocean-ocean

• ocean-continent

• continent-continent

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Global Sea Floor Topography
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Divergent Boundary
Important Process SEA FLOOR SPREADING Production
of New Oceanic Lithosphere
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Age of Oceanic Lithosphere
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Divergent Boundaries
Seafloor Spreading
Continental Plate Separation
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Types of Plate Boundaries

• Divergent

• Transform

3. Convergent

• ocean-ocean

• ocean-continent

• continent-continent

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Global Sea Floor Topography
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Transform Boundary
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Global Sea Floor Topography
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Transform Boundary
(San Andreas Fault, CA)
Pacific Plate
North American Plate
No volcanism Moderate to large earthquakes
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Types of Plate Boundaries

• Divergent

• Transform

3. Convergent

• ocean-ocean

• ocean-continent

• continent-continent

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Global Sea Floor Topography
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Important Process SUBDUCTION destruction of old
oceanic lithosphere at subduction zones
Volcanic island arc
Trench
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Global Seismicity (1975-1995)
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Global Distribution of Active Volcanoes
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Convergent Boundaries
ocean-continent subduction zone (Andes Mtns)
ocean-ocean subduction zone (Japan, Aleutians)
continent-continent collision zone (Himalayas,
Alps)
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Ocean-Continent Convergence
West Coast of South America Andes Mountains
South American Plate (continental)
Nazca Plate (oceanic)
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Continental Volcanic Arc
Cascade Range, NW USA
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Convergent Boundaries
ocean-continent subduction zone (Andes Mtns)
ocean-ocean subduction zone (Japan, Aleutians)
continent-continent collision zone (Himalayas,
Alps)
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Ocean-Ocean Convergence
Aleutian Islands, N Pacific
Pacific Plate (oceanic)
Phillipine Plate (oceanic)
Marianas Islands, SW Pacific
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Convergent Boundaries
ocean-continent subduction zone (Andes Mtns)
ocean-ocean subduction zone (Japan, Aleutians)
continent-continent collision zone (Himalayas,
Alps)
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Global Seismicity (1975-1995)
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Continent-Continent Convergence
Tibetan Plateau, Himalaya Mts SE Asia
Eurasian Plate (continental)
Indian Plate (continental)
Important Process MOUNTAIN BUILDING
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Mantle Convection Drives Plate Motion
internal heat engine
Heat Sources

• Original accetionary from formation of the Earth

• Radioactive decay of U, Th, and K in the core and
  mantle