instructor name

1
Design is the Problem StudioSustainability
Frameworks
ltinstructor namegt ltcourse name and dategt
2
What is Sustainability?
3
What is Sustainability?

• An official definition
• Use and development that meets todays needs
  without preventing those needs from being met by
  future generations.
• Brundtland Commission, 1987

see DITP page xxi
4
What is Sustainability?

• A casual definition
• Dont do things today that
• make tomorrow worse.

see DITP page xxii
5
What is Sustainability?

• A casual definition
• Dont do things today that
• make tomorrow worse.

...for your kids
6
What is Sustainability?

• A casual definition
• Dont do things today that
• make tomorrow worse.

...for your grand-kids
7
What is Sustainability?

• A casual definition
• Dont do things today that
• make tomorrow worse.

...for your grand-kids
8
Dont Call it Green
9
Some are calling it Blue
10
What is Sustainability?

• Sustainability encompasses 3 domains

FINANCIAL
SOCIAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
11
What is Sustainability?

• In business terms

FINANCIAL CAPITAL
SOCIALHUMAN CAPITAL
ENVIRONMENTAL NATURAL CAPITAL
12
What is Sustainability?

• In terms of society

FINANCIAL CAPITAL MONEY
SOCIALPEOPLE
ENVIRONMENTAL NATURAL RESOURCES
13
What is Sustainability?

• They form a system

MONEY
PEOPLE
NATURAL RESOURCES
14
What is Sustainability?
So, we need to understand society from a systems
perspective Diversity Resiliency
Centralization Decentralization Competition
Cooperation Vitality Stakeholders
see DITP chapter 1
15
What is Sustainability?
So, we need to understand society from a systems
perspective Diversity Resiliency
Centralization Decentralization Competition
Cooperation Vitality Stakeholders
see DITP chapter 1
16
What is Sustainability?
Diversity Resiliency
see DITP page 6
17
What is Sustainability?
Diversity Resiliency
see DITP page 6
18
What is Sustainability?
Centralization Optimization and Efficiency
Standardization Economies of Scale
Coordination
see DITP page 10
19
What is Sustainability?
Decentralization Local Expertise and
Appropriateness Higher/Quicker Response
see DITP page 10
20
What is Sustainability?
Decentralization Local Expertise and
Appropriateness Higher/Quicker Response
Resiliency and Robustness
see DITP page 10
21
What is Sustainability?
Competition Increases variety Creates
newoften bettersolutions Responds better to
challenges Responds better to change Rewards
better performance Enhances innovation
see DITP page 11
22
What is Sustainability?
Cooperation Creates Standards Increases
volume and scale Spreads best practices
Increases likelihood of success Stabilizes
markets
see DITP page 11
23
What is Sustainability?
Cooperation Creates Standards Increases
volume and scale Spreads best practices
Increases likelihood of success Stabilizes
markets Forms foundation for innovation
see DITP page 11
24
What is Sustainability?
Stakeholders
Employees, Distributors, Partners, Suppliers,
Media, Investors, Clients
Organizations, Unions, Institutions
Business
NGOs
Government
Individuals
see DITP page 17
Courts, Departments, Lawmakers (city, state,
federal, and international)
Customers, Fans, Teams, Groups, Communities
25
What is Sustainability?
So, we need to understand society from a systems
perspective Diversity Resiliency
Centralization Decentralization Competition
Cooperation Vitality Stakeholders Balance
see DITP chapter 19
26
What is Sustainability?

• Any questions so far on the following
•  Definition of Sustainability
•  Scope/domain of Sustainability
•  Systems Perspective

27
Sustainability Frameworks

• What is a framework?

28
Sustainability Frameworks

• What is a framework?
• A perspective on Sustainability that organizes
  our understanding.

29
Sustainability Frameworks

• What is a framework?
• A perspective on Sustainability that organizes
  our understanding.
• What is a tool?

30
Sustainability Frameworks

• What is a framework?
• A perspective on Sustainability that organizes
  our understanding.
• What is a tool?
• A mechanism to use to measure or evaluate
  sustainable impacts.

31
Sustainability Frameworks

• What is a framework?
• A perspective on Sustainability that organizes
  our understanding.
• What is a tool?
• A mechanism to use to measure or evaluate
  sustainable impacts.
• What is a strategy?

32
Sustainability Frameworks

• What is a framework?
• A perspective on Sustainability that organizes
  our understanding.
• What is a tool?
• A mechanism to use to measure or evaluate
  sustainable impacts.
• What is a strategy?
• A design approach to lessen the negative impacts
  of something.

33
Sustainability Frameworks

• These are the major frameworks
• Natural Capitalism
• The Natural Step
• Cradle to Cradle
• Holistic Management

see DITP chapter 3
34
Sustainability Frameworks

• These are the major frameworks
• Natural Capitalism
• The Natural Step
• Cradle to Cradle
• Holistic Management
• LCA (Life Cycle Assessment)
• Total Beauty
• Biomimicry
• SROI (Social Return on Investment)
• Sustainability Helix

see DITP chapter 3
35
Sustainability Frameworks

• Natural Capitalism (eco-efficiency)

NATURAL CAPITAL
FINANCIAL CAPITAL
HUMAN CAPITAL
MANUFACTURED CAPITAL
see DITP page 45
36
Sustainability Frameworks

• Natural Capitalism (eco-efficiency)
• Radical Resource Productivity Buy time using
  resources radically more productively
• Ecological Redesign Make use of Biomimicry
• Service Flow Economies Redesign all products
  and processes for sustainability
• Investing in Natural Capital Restore Ecosystem
  Services
• Whole Systems Thinking

HUMAN CAPITAL
FINANCIAL CAPITAL
MANUF. CAPITAL
NATURAL CAPITAL
see DITP page 46
37
Sustainability Frameworks

• Natural Capitalism (eco-efficiency)
• Human Capital people society
• Natural Capital materials, energy, stability
  diversity
• Financial Capital money, profit, etc.
• Manufactured Capital materials, energy, IP

HUMAN CAPITAL
FINANCIAL CAPITAL
MANUF. CAPITAL
NATURAL CAPITAL
see DITP page 46
38
Sustainability Frameworks

• Sidebar Types of Capital

see DITP page 49
39
Sustainability Frameworks

• The Natural Step

FINANCIAL IMPACTS
SOCIAL IMPACTS
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
see DITP page 83
40
Sustainability Frameworks

• The Natural Step
• Four System Conditions
• System Condition 1 Substances
• from the Earths crust shouldnt accumulate in
  the environment
• System Condition 2 Substances
• produced by society should not increase
• in the biosphere
• System Condition 3 We must
• preserve the productivity and biodiversity
• of the ecosystem
• System Condition 4 Resources should be used
  fairly and efficiently to meet human needs.

SOCIAL IMPACTS
FINANCIAL IMPACTS
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
see DITP page 84
41
Sustainability Frameworks

• The Natural Step

SOCIAL IMPACTS
FINANCIAL IMPACTS
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
see DITP page 84
42
Sustainability Frameworks

• Cradle to Cradle (eco-effectiveness)

TECHNICAL NUTRIENTS
FINANCIAL IMPACTS
SOCIAL IMPACTS
ENVIRONMENTAL NUTRIENTS
see DITP page 51
43
Sustainability Frameworks

• Cradle to Cradle (eco-effectiveness)
• Concept term coined by Stahel
• Popularized by McDonough Braungart
• Eliminate hazardous materials
• Consider the entire lifecycle
• Materials should be upcyclable
• Less Bad does not equal Good!

SOCIAL IMPACTS
FINANCIAL IMPACTS
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
see DITP page 52
44
Sustainability Frameworks
MARKET (FINANCIAL CAPITAL) Corporate Strategy
Governance Management HR Development
Corporate Culture Operations Facilities
Design Process Innovation Marketing
Communications Partnerships Stakeholder

• Summary

ENVIRONMENT (NATURAL CAPITAL) Ecosystem
Services Radical Resource Efficiency (min
10x) Renewable energy and materials
Eliminate the use of toxic substances
Natures solutions can inspire our
own  Maintain Biodiveristy All Wastes are
inputs for other systems. Safe deposits of
energy and materials to the environment are
balanced with those taken from it
SOCIETY (HUMAN CAPITAL) Multiple Potential
Criteria Issues Fair/just distribution/use
of resources according to (whose?) values
PRODUCTS SERVICES (MANUFACTURED CAPITAL)
see DITP page 102
45
Sustainability Tools

• These are the major tools
• LCA (Life Cycle Assessment)
• Total Beauty
• Biomimicry
• SROI (Social Return on Investment)
• Sustainability Helix

46
Sustainability Tools

• LCA (Life Cycle Assessment)

FINANCIAL IMPACTS
SOCIAL IMPACTS
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
see DITP page 66
47
Sustainability Tools

• LCA (Life Cycle Assessment)

see DITP page 67
48
Sustainability Tools

• Total Beauty

FINANCIAL IMPACTS
SOCIAL IMPACTS
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
see DITP page 86
49
Sustainability Tools
Total Beauty
EFFICIENT
SOCIAL
FINANCIAL IMPACTS
SAFE
SOCIAL IMPACTS
SOLAR
CYCLIC
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
see DITP page 87
50
Sustainability Tools

• Biomimicry

FINANCIAL IMPACTS
SOCIAL IMPACTS
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
see DITP page 59
51
Sustainability Tools

• Biomimicry

SOCIAL IMPACTS
FINANCIAL IMPACTS
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
see DITP page 62
52
Sustainability Tools

• Biomimicry

SOCIAL IMPACTS
FINANCIAL IMPACTS
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
see DITP page 63
53
Sustainability Tools

• Biomimicry

Self-assembly Solar transformation Power of
shape Color without pigments Cleaning without
detergents Water-based chemistry Metals without
mining Green chemistry Timed degradation Sensing
and responding Growing fertility Life creates
conditions conducive to life Decentralization and
distributed control
Simple building blocks Use of feedback
loops Redundancy Cyclic solutions Diverse
solutions
SOCIAL IMPACTS
FINANCIAL IMPACTS
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
see DITP page 60
54
Sustainability Tools

• SROI (Social Return on Investment)

SROI (Social Return on Investment)
FINANCIAL IMPACTS
SOCIAL IMPACTS
ENVIRONMENT IMPACTS
see DITP page 79
55
What is Sustainability?

• Its not just about the environment. There are a
  myriad of social issues
• Alcohol
• Animal rights
• Board transparency
• Biodiversity
• Chemical accidents
• Child Labor
• Cultural Impact
• Death penalty
• Deforestation
• Drug support (legalization, trade...)

56
Sustainability Tools

• SROI (Social Return on Investment)

SOCIAL IMPACTS
FINANCIAL IMPACTS
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
see DITP page 81
57
Sustainability Tools

• Sustainability Helix

Stakeholders Partnerships
Marketing Communications
FINANCIAL IMPACTS
Governance Management
Design Process Innovation
HR Develop. Corp. Culture
SOCIAL IMPACTS
Operations Facilties
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
see DITP page 93
58
Sustainability Tools

• Sustainability Helix

SOCIAL IMPACTS
FINANCIAL IMPACTS
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
see DITP page 95
59
Sustainability Tools

• However, there are many other tools
• LCA (Life Cycle Assessment)
• Total Beauty
• Biomimicry
• SROI
• Sustainability Helix
• Blended Value
• Integrated Bottom Line
• LASER Manual
• Footprint Calculators
• (water, carbon, etc.)
• Stakeholder Analysis
• SA 8000
• CSR
• SOS (Blackburn)
• Wheel of Change
• Metrics (GDP, GPI, GNH, GRI, SRI)
• LEED

ISO 50001 SOS (Blackburn) Wheel of Change City
Climate Protection Manual Metrics (GDP, GPI,
GNH, GRI, SRI) LEED FASB redefinition of
Profit SCORE Factor 4 and Factor 10 SHINGO SIGMA
see DITP page 99
60
Sustainability Frameworks Tools

• Any questions so far on the following
•  Sustainability Frameworks
•  Sustainability Tools

61
Sustainability Frameworks Tools

• How about some examples...

62
Which is better?
63
What does better mean?
64
AnswerHow about no bag?
65
Which is better for the environment?
Toyota Prius
Hummer H2
66
Which is better for the environment?
Toyota Prius
Hummer H2
Manufacturing Transportation Use Disposal
67
Which is better for the environment?
Toyota Prius
Hummer H2
Manufacturing Transportation Use Disposal Lifetime
?
48/45 2008 EPA mpg (city/highway)
11/17 2008 EPA mpg (city/highway)
200K-300K miles?
100K miles?
68
AnswerWe dont really know
"A "Dust to Dust" study by CNW Marketing Research
of Bandon, OR http//cnwmr.com/nss-folder/automoti
veenergy/
69
Which is better for the environment?
Paper Cup
Ceramic Mug
70
Which is better for the environment?
Paper Cup
Ceramic Mug
1-69 uses 70 uses 71 uses
71
AnswerIt depends
72
Sustainability Strategies

• These are the major design strategies
• Reduce
• Design for Use (Usability Meaning)
• Dematerialization (Materials, Energy
  Transportation)
• Substitution (Materials Energy)
• Localization
• Transmaterialization
• Informationalization
• Reuse
• Recycle
• Restore

see DITP page 103
73
Sustainability Strategies

• Design for Use
• (Usability, Accessibility, Clarity Meaning)

see DITP page 112
74
Sustainability Strategies

• Dematerialization
• (Materials, Energy Transportation)

Apple iPhone Apple Keyboard
see DITP page 119
75
Sustainability Strategies

• Dematerialization
• (Materials, Energy Transportation)

Apple packaging
see DITP page 121
76
Sustainability Strategies

• Dematerialization
• (Materials, Energy Transportation)

Apple iPhone
see DITP page 122
77
Sustainability Strategies

• Substitution
• (Materials, Energy Transportation)

Less expensive, less toxic, and more
sustainable Raw materials Components
Energy sources
Mirra chair, Herman Miller
see DITP pages 128, 130
78
Sustainability Strategies

• Localization
• (Materials, Energy Transportation)

Each ton of Aluminum Oxide is smelted into 1/4
ton of aluminum in Sweden or Norway.
Sealed cans are inserted into cardboard cartons
made of forest pulp from British Columbia
Cans are created in roller mills in Sweden or
Germany.
Phosphorus is excavated from open-pit mines in
Idaho.
The Sugar might come from beet fields in France.
Aluminum sheets are punched and formed into cans,
washed, dried, painted, lacquered, flanged,
sprayed with protective coating and inspected.
Lovins, et al.
The Caffeine might come from a chemical
manufacturer
Cartons of cans are shipped to warehouses and
supermarkets84 of which are discarded after use.
A ton of mined Bauxite turns into half a ton of
aluminum oxide.
Ore takes a month to travel to the refinery.
see DITP page 136
79
Sustainability Strategies

• Transmaterialization

Zip Cars
see DITP pages 142, 145
80
Sustainability Strategies

• Transmaterialization

Interface FLOR carpet
see DITP page 147
81
Sustainability Strategies

• Informationalization

iTunes Music Store
see DITP page 152
82
Sustainability Strategies

• Informationalization

Open Architecture Network, Architecture for
Humanity
see DITP page 156
83
Sustainability Strategies

• These are the major strategies
• Reduce
• Reuse
• Design for Durability
• Design for Reuse
• Recycle
• Restore

see DITP page 159
84
Sustainability Strategies

• Design for Durability

Higher quality/longer lasting
Servicable/Repairable Upgradable Component
service Rental system (components and/or
offering)
Dyson vacuum
see DITP pages 162, 173
85
Sustainability Strategies

• Design for Reuse (unintended)

Artecnica tranSglass vases
see DITP page 160
86
Sustainability Strategies

• Design for Reuse (intended)
• Reuse of Materials, Energy, Components, and
  Functions

Maille condiment jars
see DITP pages 176, 178
87
Sustainability Strategies

• Design for Reuse (intended)
• Reuse of Materials, Energy, Components, and
  Functions

Rapioli reusable shipping package
see DITP pages 176, 178
88
Sustainability Strategies

• These are the major strategies
• Reduce
• Reuse
• Recycle
• Design for Disassembly
• Close the Loop
• Design for Effectiveness
• Restore

see DITP page 181
89
Sustainability Strategies

• Design for Disassembly
• Product redesign
• Labeled components
• Uni-material components

Rickshaw Zero bag
see DITP page 184
90
Sustainability Strategies

• Design for Disassembly
• Use materials identification labels
• Avoid permanently attached, dissimilar materials
• Design for ease of disassembly (snap fits vs.
  screws)
• Use only one polymer type per product
• Use only one polymer-color combination per
  product
• If necessary, use compatible combinations of
  polymers
• Avoid paints and lacquers
• Avoid labels or use compatible labels
• Choose high-value plastics
• Avoid density overlaps between different polymers

From Eric Masanet, UC Berkeley
see DITP page 185
91
Sustainability Strategies

• Close the Loop

Kalundborg, Denmark
see DITP page 199
92
Sustainability Strategies

• Design for Effectiveness
• Process redesign
• Take-back programs
• Eco-industrial parks/industrial estates

Rickshaw Bags
see DITP pages 204, 206
93
Sustainability Strategies

• These are the major strategies
• Reduce
• Reuse
• Recycle
• Restore
• Design for Systems

see DITP page 209
94
Sustainability Strategies

• Design for Systems

Curitiba, Brazil
see DITP pages 212-215
95
Sustainability Development Process

• User-centric (design and user research)
• Strategic/whole-systems-oriented
• Integrating frameworks and tools into the
• process
• Focused on innovation
• Iterative/prototyping (experience, paper,
• working, etc.)

96
Sustainability Development Process
What business should we be in? What should we
make/offer?
How should we make it best?
97
Sustainability Development Process
98
Sustainability Development Process
99
Sustainability Development Process

• Measuring Results
• Testing
• Labeling and Rating Systems
• Molecular-based LCA
• Tools
• Regulation (a tool)

100
Sustainability Development Process
GRI (Global Reporting Initiative) redesigned by
Covive
101
Sustainability Development Process
Reveal Rating System revealinfo.com
102
Sustainability Development Process

• Declaring Results
• Green washing
• Does your brand reflect these values? Does
  your company reflect these values?
• Dont spend more declaring your results
• than the results themselves are worth
• It may be easier to sell efficiency or
• health than sustainability

103
Sustainability Strategies

• Summary/Checklist
• 1. Provide More (value, meaning, performance)
• for Less (materials and energy)
• 2. Focus on Efficiency and Health
• 3. Use Promote Local energy, resources,
• and labor
• 4. Dont use PVC
• 5. Design solutions to be savored
• 6. Dont spend more declaring your
• results than the value they provide

see DITP page 288
104
Sustainability Strategies

• Next Steps

see DITP page 296
105
Sustainability Strategies

• Now for the rest of the questions...