General Information

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General Information

• By Eleanor Joyce
• City fo Salem Schools

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• Culture
• the way of life of a group of people with common
  tradition, interests, and beliefs.
• The way people meet their needs
• history, government, language, religious beliefs,
  art, literature, and music.

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• Cultures are shaped by the ways groups of people
  make a living.
• The earliest form of economic activity was
  farming.
• hunters and gathers
• farmers
• excess of food led to trading products
• some people had time to make craft products to
  trade.
• People settled in civilizations and traded with
  each other

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• Farming today--one half of the worlds people
  make their living through agriculture.
• Traditional farming or subsistence farming-
  growing only enough food for your family
• Commercial farming- raising farm products to sell
• fertilizers and pesticides have helped produce
  large quantities of food.

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Industry-a business that produces goods or
services. Developed Countries-countries that
produce great quantities of goods and services
and employ many people. People usually have
enough food, shelter, health care and all basic
needs are met. High life expectancy. Developing
Countries- countries that do not have modern
industry and technology. People live has their
ancestors lived. Have poor distribution of
income, clothing, and housing. Poor health care,
little food, and low life expectancy.
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• The worlds population is not growing the same in
  each country.
• Population growth is determined by the
  relationship between its birthrate and its death
  rate
• When the rates are equal, a coun-try has reached
  zero population growth.
• Mostly industrialized countries have a zero
  population growth.

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• In developing countries, the birthrate is growing
  rapidly.
• Death rate is decreasing due to improved medical
  care.
• Challenges of rapid population growth
• shortages of food, clothing, and housing.
• Rapid use of nonrenewable resources.

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• Population distribution is not equal around the
  world.
• People live where the
• soil is fertile
• water is available
• the climate is favorable for growing crops and
  raising animals.

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• Population density- the average number of people
  in a square mile or square kilometer.
• Some countries such as India have a high
  population density.
• Some countries such as Canada has a low
  population density.

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• Environmental Challenges
• Natural occurrences
• tornados
• hurricanes
• earthquakes
• tsunami
• volcano eruptions

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• Man made environmental hazards
• Pollution unclean or impure elements affect the
• air -caused by burning fossil fuels, garbage and
  trash--air pollution is bad for peoples health,
  plants, animals, and destroys buildings.
• Water- oil spills, industrial waste, untreated
  sewage. Polluted water goes through the food
  chain.

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• Soil pollution main causes are fertilizers and
  pesticides. Polluted soil can contaminate
  fertile, food-producing soils.
• Solid wastes billions of tons of tires, cans,
  plastics, scrap metals. Dumps breeds diseases
  from disease carrying animals such as rats.
• Industrial wastes- Nuclear power plants create
  radioactive wastes. Chemicals are poured into
  streams.

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People and industry are trying to clean up the
pollution. Governments are trying to regulate
pollution on the planet. EPA
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Cultural Origins History- study the written
information about a peoples past to learn what,
how, and shy things happened. Prehistory-the
time before written records Archaeologists-
scientist that study the sites where people once
lived to find out about their culture. The study
of artifacts or remains from the past to learn
how people lived
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• Cultural Hearths are places where civilization
  began. They all developed in mild climates along
  river banks.
• Egypt
• Iraq
• Pakistan
• China

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• Cultural Change- cultures change from both
  internal and outside influences.
• Within a culture, inventions and discoveries can
  promote change.
• Cultural diffusion- the spread of culture, ideas,
  practices, and goods from one culture to another.

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• Cultural Contacts were made through
• trade
• travel-migration

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• Times in history when great change occurred
• Age of Discovery
• Industrial Revolution
• Ancient Greece and Rome
• Renaissance
• Rise of Nations and a feeling of nationalism.

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• Cultural Barriers
• deserts
• high mountains
• rain forests
• large bodies of water
• customs and beliefs
• language