Agricultural Engineering Agriscience Applications

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Agricultural EngineeringAgriscience Applications

• By Johnny M. Jessup
• FFA Advisor/Agriculture Teacher

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Safety Awareness

• Safety is being prepared since almost 50 of all
  farm related accidents involve working with
  machinery equipment.
• Safety is developing an environment free from
  danger, risk, or injury.

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Safety Awareness

• The 1 key to shop safety is the people who use
  the shop.
• Workers should always.
• Be trained in proper tool operations.
• Pass a safety test before using the shop.

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Principles for Safety

• Keep the shop in an orderly manner to prevent
  tripping and related injuries.
• Remove unnecessary hazards such as
  oily rags.
• Minimize danger by making certain all machines
  have safety shields to place prior to an during
  operation.

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Principles for Safety

• Wear appropriate protective clothing
  devices.
• Safety glasses goggles prevent eye injury from
  dust and flying objects.
• Leather steel-toed shoes offer protection should
  items be dropped or fall on the feet.
• Ear plugs or ear muffs can prevent hearing loss
  when the noise level exceeds 90 dB (decibels).

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Safety Color Coding

• National organizations worked together.
• Code was published by the.
• American Society of Agricultural Engineers
• Safety Committee of the American Vocational
  Association
• Color coding alerts people to dangers hazards,
  provides information to help one react quickly in
  an emergency.

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Basic Colors

• Red
• Identifies areas of danger.
• Used on safety switches fire extinguishers.
• Danger

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Basic Colors

• Orange
• Identifies wheels, levers, and knobs.
• Warning

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Basic Colors

• Yellow
• Identifies that wheels, levels, and knobs that
  adjust or control machines.
• Caution

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Basic Colors

• Blue
• Used on signs such as Out of order to identify
  broken shop equipment that does not work
  properly.
• Information

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Basic Colors

• Green
• Indicates the presence of first aid and safety
  equipment.
• Safety

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Fire Hazards in the Agricultural Mechanics Shop
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The Fire Triangle

• Fuel
• Any combustible material that will burn
• Examples
• Oily rags
• Saw dust
• Paper

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The Fire Triangle

• Heat
• Most materials will burn if they are made hot
  enough.

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The Fire Triangle

• Oxygen
• Gas in the atmosphere that is not a fuel, but
  must be present for fuels to burn.

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The Fire Triangle
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Fire Prevention

• Take away one of the components of the fuel
  triangle and fire will not start or will stop if
  it has started.
• Safe storage of fuels is the easiest fire
  prevention technique.
• Clean shop facilities also decrease the chance of
  fire.

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Fire Extinguishers

• Know the kind of fire extinguisher that is used
  for different kinds of fires prior to the fire.
• Class A is used for ordinary combustibles.
• Class B is used for flammable liquids.
• Class C is used for electrical equipment.
• Class D is used for combustible metals.

D
C
B
A
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Fire Extinguishers

• Know the placement of fire extinguishers so that
  time is not taken looking for them if a fire
  occurs.
• Should be hung on walls within easy reach in
  areas where fires would most likely occur.

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Using Fire Extinguishers

• Know how to use the fire extinguisher.
• Hold upright, pull the ring pin, press the lever.
• The nozzle of the extinguisher is directed toward
  the base of the fire to discharge the
  extinguisher.

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Smothering a Fire

• Best used on a person whose clothes are on fire.
• Wrap the person in a blanket to cut the oxygen
  off to the fire.

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Planning Agricultural Engineering Projects
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Instruments for Simple Designs

• Sharp Lead Pencil
• Needed for the highest quality scale drawing.
• Protractor
• Used for drawing measuring angles.
• Good Eraser
• Helps makes corrections without distorting the
  image.
• 12 inch Ruler
• Works for basic drawing.
• Compass
• Used for drawing circles arches.

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Instruments for Detailed Designs

• Drawing Board
• Used for attaching the drawing paper.
• Masking Tape
• Used to secure the drawing paper to the drawing
  board.
• T-Square
• Helpful for drawing horizontal lines.

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Instruments for Detailed Designs

• Right Triangle
• 30o x 60o x 40o
• Used to draw vertical lines.
• Scale
• Instrument with all increments shortened
  according to proportion.
• Two Types
• Flat Scale looks similar to a ruler.
• Triangular scales three sides, but six scales.

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Basics of Drawing

• Sketch
• Rough drawing that is not to scale.
• Sketches do not have dimensions included.
• Pictorial Drawing
• Shows all three sides dimensions at once.
• All three views (front, side (end), and top are
  in view.

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A Pictorial Drawing
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Basics of Drawing

• Scale drawing
• Represents an object in exact proportion.
• Object is larger/smaller than the drawing itself.
• Examples ¼ 1
• Then ¼ on the drawing would equal 1 on the
  actual object.
• 2 line on the drawing would equal 8 on the
  object. (2 divided by ¼ 8)
• The scale will vary depending on the size of the
  object being drawn.

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Determining Materials

• Bill of Materials
• Complete list and description of all materials
  needed to construct a project.
• Abbreviations are often used.
• BF Board foot
• LF Linear foot

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Determining Board Feet

• Determining board feet for small pieces.
• BF Thickness (inches) x width (inches) x
  length (inches) 144
• Determining board feet for large pieces.
• BF Thickness (inches) x width (inches) x length
  (feet)
  
  12

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Determining Board Feet

• How many board feet are in a board
  4 x 6 x 24?
• BF 4 x 6 x 24 576 1 BF
• 144 144
• How many board feet are in a board
  1 x 12 x 8?
• BF 1 x 12 x 8 96 8 BF
• 12 12

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Basic Construction Projects Tips
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Wood Projects

• Fastest way to fasten wood is by nailing.
• Nail hammer or nail gun are preferred
  tools for driving nails.
• Screws hold better than nails and are driven
  quickly with power screwdrivers.
• Flathead screw is the one most used
  in woodworking.

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Wood Projects

• Bolts are particularly useful for
  fastening wood at high stress points.
• Gluing is the strongest method of
  fastening wood.
• Often used along with nails, screws, etc.
• Boards are held in place for gluing by clamps.
• Dowel pins are round wood pins
  sometimes used to strengthen wood joints.

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Metal Projects

• Steel
• Most commonly used metal in agricultural
  mechanics.

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Marking Steel

• Presents a special problem as pencil marks do not
  show up well.
• Soapstone
• Soft, gray rock.
• Cut into thin pieces resembling pencils.
• Shows up well on most metals.

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Cutting Metal

• Hack Saw
• Hand tool most often used for cutting metal.
• Especially useful for cutting thin conduit.
• Metal Cutting Band Saw Power Hacksaws
• May be used for large projects.

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Careers
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Careers

• Attracts students interested in operation,
  maintenance, service, and selling of agricultural
  equipment.
• Varied careers in Production support such as
  Tractor mechanic, farm machinery assembler,
  Agriculture Safety Engineer.

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Careers

• Careers also in horticulture such as irrigation
  engineer, Lawn mower mechanic, Agriculture
  Equipment designer.
• Education varies with the type of Agriscience
  mechanics career chosen and working conditions.
• Broad field includes agricultural processing.

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Careers

• Electricians design wire agricultural equipment
  structures.

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Careers

• Use of engineering equipment like levels
  tripods to survey, layoff, and construct
  terraces.
• Use of earth moving machinery to control erosion.

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Careers

• Diesel mechanics are in demand because..
• Of the large amounts of diesel powered equipment.
• Builders of structures equipment.

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Designed By

• Johnny M. Jessup, FFA Advisor
• Hobbton High School