USA Patriot Act of 2001

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(No Transcript)
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The United States Secret Service Homeland
Security

• There are some things worth
• DEFENDING
• Your Country is one of them.

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USA Patriot Act of 2001

• Sec. 105.
• Expansion of National Electronic Crime Task Force
  Initiative
• The Director of the United States Secret
  Service shall appropriate actions to develop a
  national network of electronic crime task forces,
  based on the New York Electronic Crimes Task
  Force model, throughout the United States, for
  the purpose of preventing, detecting, and
  investigating various forms of electronic crimes,
  including potential terrorist attacks against
  critical infrastructure and financial payment
  systems.

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HOMELAND SECURITYEvery American can Help

• The United States Secret Service New
  York Electronic Crimes Task Force is providing
  this seminar in support of the homeland defense
  initiative by providing information to private
  citizens and corporations so they may lead their
  everyday lives in a safer more productive
  environment 
• Terrorism is the use of force or
  violence against persons or property in
  violation of the criminal laws of the United
  States for purposes of intimidation, coercion or
  ransom. Terrorists often use threats of
  violence to create fear among the public, to
  convince citizens their government is powerless
  in preventing attacks and to gain immediate
  publicity for their cause
• Most Americans are not prepared to deal
  with the effects of terrorist attacks. Proper
  awareness and education will assist in minimizing
  the effects of potential attacks in the future

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Introduction Cont

• The following defensive guidelines have
  been prepared to facilitate the preparation in
  our schools, corporations, hospitals, religious
  properties and any person or group that can
  benefit from them. Using this proactive and
  systemic approach, Americans will be better
  prepared to properly respond to emergency
  situations, specifically a terrorist attack.
  The guidelines presented here should be used in
  conjunction with or to augment previously
  existing plans
• To have the greatest possible impact on
  our communities, we will begin with awareness
  and education. Attackers are constantly
  searching for new and more lethal types of both
  threats and attacks, therefore threat
  assessments and building security is a constant
  evolutionary process of testing, analyzing and
  implementation. Statistics have traditionally
  been used to decide where to allocate funds and
  resources. This should no longer be the sole
  basis for such appropriations

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Introduction Cont

• Topics covered include building
  structure, evacuation, relocation, resources
  available for assistance, communication, tasking
  and responsibilities, and possible emergency
  situations to promote critical thinking. The
  following guidelines were created for everyone
  in their private lives or at their place of
  business. Many of the guidelines can be applied
  to corporations, schools, hospitals, religious
  facilities, nuclear facilities and many other
  types of institutions however, it is noted that
  some of these facilities are different in many
  ways and would therefore require facility
  specific surveys
• It is important to note that analyzing
  vulnerabilities can be done by both the
  aggressor and the defender. It is also important
  to understand that although your facility may
  not be a target there may be terrorist targets
  located near your facility

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Planning

• Acts of terrorism are anonymous and without
  warning. During an attack, there is no time to
  say what should I do? There is no time process
  information, reaction must be instant and
  correct. There is no room for error. Reaction
  must be both planned and practiced.

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Planning Cont

• MENTAL PREPARATION
• Keys to mental preparation Questions /
  Responses
• The What if? game. Ask yourself what if
  the unexpected were to occur? Imagine even the
  most outrageous events
• How would someone attack my facility?
• Decide the best responses to those events
  and visualize reacting in that manner

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Planning Cont

• PHYSICAL PREPARATION
• Keys to physical preparation
• Be alert and aware of the surrounding area
• Be aware of conspicuous or unusual behavior
  
• Do not accept packages from strangers
• Do not leave bags unattended
• Learn where emergency exists are located
• Think ahead about how to evacuate a
  building, subway or congested public area in a
  hurry
• Learn where staircases are located
• Be aware of heavy or breakable objects that
  could move, fall or break in an explosion

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Planning Cont

• PHYSICAL PREPARATION CONT
• Have disaster supplies on hand in a designated
  place on each floor
• Several flashlights and extra batteries
• Portable, battery-operated radio and extra
  batteries
• First-aid kit and manual
• Emergency food and water
• Non-electric can opener
• Essential medicines
• Cash and credit cards
• Sturdy shoes/boots
• Fluorescent tape to rope off dangerous areas
• Several hard hats
• High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) masks

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Planning and our Children

• Although children may not understand the
  types of attacks they may face or the
  consequences those actions would bring, it is
  still possible to help them prepare. Lesson
  plans should remind children that they can help
  identify someone or something unusual that is out
  of place. Fitness exercises that promote teamwork
  and buddy systems in response to sudden stimuli
  can also promote efficiency in the event of an
  evacuation.

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Planning and our Schools

• Every school district should have a plan and
  each school within that district should have its
  own plan that compliments the districts plan.
  The plans should vary depending on the type and
  location of the threat /attack (i.e. intruder,
  explosive device, and hazardous material,
  biological or chemical, radiological,
  hostage/kidnapping) and should be inclusive of
  potential secondary and tertiary attacks. The
  schools plans should include the process to
  notify the district and local officials in the
  event of an emergency.

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All facilities should have emergency contact
numbers for the following

• Mayor or City Administrator/ City Manager
• Public Information Officer
• Chief of Police
• Fire Chief
• Emergency Management Coordinator
• Superintendent of Schools
• School District Risk Manger
• City Building Code Inspector
• City Council Members
• City Geologist
• City Planner

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Contact Numbers Cont

• Coordinator of Roads and Transportation
• Director of Public health
• Director of Public Works
• Superintendent of the Water Treatment
  Plant
• Superintendent of the Water Department
• Electric Company Emergency
• Telephone Company Emergency Coordinator
• Hospital Safety and Security Manager
• Community Voluntary Organization Chapter
  (Red Cross)
• Local Poison Control Center
• Other such facilities in your area

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Disaster Supply Check List
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Bomb Threats

• If you receive a bomb threat, get as
  much information from the caller as possible
  (see SAMPLE BOMBTHREAT CHECKLIST FOR OPERATORS).
  Keep the caller on the line and record
  everything that is said
• Notify the police (911)
• Notify the building management
• After you've been notified of a bomb
  threat, do not touch any suspicious packages.
  Clear the area around the suspicious package
  first and then make all notifications. In
  evacuating a building, avoid standing in front
  of windows or other potentially hazardous areas.
  Do not restrict sidewalk or streets to be used
  by emergency officials. Always have an
  authority figure meet police or other response
  teams

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Bomb Threat Checklist
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Mail The United States Postal Service

• Mail has become a common method of terrorist
  attacks. Access to mail couriers should be
  restricted as much as possible. The mail should
  travel through as little of the facility as
  possible before reaching the mail room. Although
  the courier may not be an attacker, he/she may be
  infected, or may be carrying contaminated mail.
  The mail handlers should always wear gloves and
  have protective clothing available.

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Mail ContSome signals to look for when viewing
mail

• The package is lopsided
• The package is leaking any type of powder
  or fluid
• The package has a strange odor
• The writing is badly typed or written
• No return address
• Addressed to title only or incorrect title
• Oily stains or residue
• Discoloration or crystallization on
  wrapper
• Excessive postage or mailed from a foreign
  country
• Excessive wrapping, tape or string
• Package is extremely heavy for size

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MailCont

• Rigid envelope
• X-Ray or visual analysis shows possible
  components of a detonation or dispersal device
• Unexpected foreign mail, air mail, or
  special delivery
• Mail delivered by anyone other than the
  licensed carrier
• Restrictive markings on mail such as
  Confidential, Personal, Eyes Only, Do Not
  X-Ray
• Misspellings of common words

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MailWhat to do when such a package is suspected

• Stop! Do not move or handle the item. If
  readily available, cover the item with a box,
  plastic cover or trash can (only if it is in
  very close proximity to the item)
• Evacuate the area immediately. Close doors
  or section off the suspicious item as
  evacuation is executed
• Notify local Police bomb squad or Hazardous
  Materials authorities only after clearing the
  area or building, preferably from a hard-line
  phone.
• If exposed to unknown substance, remove
  contaminated clothing and place in a container
  that can be sealed. Wash exposed skin with soap
  and water
• Move to a safe area, upwind, uphill, and
  upstream if feasible
• Brief all Hazmat teams or Bomb squads as
  they arrive or before telephonically as to the
  incident and all people possibly exposed.
• Request that the building engineer
  immediately turn off the HVAC system, at least
  for the floor containing the item

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Improvised Devices

• Different types
• IED Improvised Explosive Device
• IID Improvised Incendiary Device
• ICD Improvised Chemical Device
• IBD Improvised Biological Device
• IND Improvised Nuclear Device
• RDD Improvised Dispersal Device

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REACTIONPreparing for a Building Explosion

• The use of explosives by terrorists can
  result in collapsed buildings and fires. People
  that live, work or go to school in a multi-level
  building can do the following
• Be ready to evacuate
• Plan several evacuation routes out of the area
• Find out evacuation plans for your workplace
  and your children's schools
• Review and practice emergency evacuation
  procedures
• Know where fire exits are located
• Keep fire extinguishers in working order
• Know where fire extinguishers are located, and
  how to use them

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REACTIONPreparing for a Building Explosion
Cont

• Learn first aid
• Contact the local chapter of the American Red
  Cross for additional information
• Contact your Local Emergency Planning Committee
  (LEPC) or local emergency management
  office for information about community
  response plan
• Contact local Police for information regarding
  industry and community warning system
  and make efforts to include in report to
  authorities

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REACTIONPreparing for a Building Explosion
Cont

• Location of incident?
• Is anyone injured or sick?
• Is there or was there a fire or explosion?
• What type of vehicle or container is involved,
  any markings on it?
• Has anything spilled?
• What do you see, hear, smell or feel?
• What are the weather conditions, especially if
  windy?
• Where can responders meet with someone to be
  briefed?

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ScenariosIF CAUGHT AT THE SCENE OF AN ACCIDENT

• If you see an accident, call 9-1-1 or
  the local fire department to report its nature
  and location as soon as possible.
• Some information you want to try to pass
• Location
• Nature of Accident
• Number of patients
• Extent of injuries
• Move away from the accident scene and
  help keep others away
• Do not walk into or touch any of the
  spilled substance. Do not inhale gases, fumes
  and smoke. If possible, cover mouth with a wet
  cloth while leaving the area
• Stay away from accident victims until
  the hazardous material has been identified
• If applicable, stay upstream, uphill,
  upwind from the accident

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ScenariosASKED TO STAY INDOORS "IN-PLACE
SHELTERING"

• Seal house so contaminants cannot enter
• Close and lock windows and doors
• Seal gaps under doorways and windows with
  wet towels and duct tape
• Seal gaps around window and air
  conditioning units, bathroom and kitchen
  exhaust fans, and stove and dryer vents with duct
  tape and plastic sheeting, wax paper or
  aluminum wrap
• Close fireplace dampers
• Close off nonessential rooms such as
  storage areas, laundry rooms and extra
  bedrooms
• Immediately after the "in-place
  sheltering" announcement is issued, fill up
  bathtubs or large containers for an additional
  water supply and then turn off the intake valve
  to the house.

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ScenariosASSISTING ACCIDENT VICTIMS

• Untrained persons should not attempt to
  rescue people who are inside a collapsed
  building. Wait for emergency personnel to
  arrive
• Don't try to care for victims of a
  hazardous materials accident until the substance
  has been identified and authorities indicate it
  is safe to go near victims. Then you can move
  victims to fresh air and call for emergency
  medical care
• Rescuers
• Remove contaminated clothing and shoes and place
  them in a plastic bag

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ScenariosASSISTING ACCIDENT VICTIMS Cont

• Cleanse victims that have come in
  contact with chemicals by immediately pouring
  cold water over the skin or eyes for at least 15
  minutes, unless authorities instruct you not to
  use water on the particular chemical involved
• If gas or vapors could have entered the
  building, take shallow breaths through a cloth
  or a towel
• Avoid eating or drinking any food or
  water that may be contaminated
• Monitor the Emergency Broadcast System
  station for further updates and remain in
  shelter until authorities indicate it is safe to
  come out

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Scenarios IF YOU ARE TRAPPED IN THE DEBRIS

• Use a flashlight or a glow stick if
  available
• Stay in your area so that you don't kick
  up dust
• Cover your mouth with a handkerchief or
  clothing
• Tap on a pipe or wall so that rescuers
  can hear where you are
• Use a whistle if one is available
• Shout only as a last resort shouting
  can cause a person to inhale dangerous
  amounts of dust

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WeaponsBIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL
Biological Agents infectious microbes or
toxins used to produce illness or death in
people, animals or plants. Biological agents
can be dispersed as aerosols or airborne
particles. Terrorists may use biological
agents to contaminate food or water because
they are extremely difficult to detect.
Chemical Agents A are odorless and tasteless
and are difficult to detect. They can have an
immediate effect (a few seconds to a few
minutes) or a delayed effect (several hours to
several days). They can kill and/or
incapacitate people, as well as destroy
livestock and crops.
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WeaponsBIOLOGICAL AGENTS

• Because biological agents cannot necessarily
  be detected and may take time to grow and cause
  a disease, it is almost impossible to know that
  a biological attack has occurred. Authorities
  should instruct citizens a biological attack to
  seek shelter where they are and seal the
  premises or evacuate immediately. A person
  affected by a biological agent requires the
  immediate attention of professional medical
  personnel. Some agents are contagious, and
  victims may need to be quarantined
• More information on Bio-terrorism preparedness
  and response is available online from the
  Federal Emergency Management Agency, the
  Department of Health and Human Services and the
  Center for Disease Control

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WeaponsCHEMICAL AGENTS

• Severity of injuries depends on the type and
  amount of the
• chemical agent used, and the duration of
  exposure.
• If a chemical agent attack occurs, authorities
  should instruct citizens either to seek shelter
  where they are and seal the premises or evacuate
  immediately. If authorities are not on site
  already or are not nearby you may need to make
  that decision on your own. Exposure to
  chemical agents can be fatal. Leaving the
  shelter to rescue or assist victims can be a
  deadly decision.

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WeaponsHAZARDOUS MATERIALS

• Hazardous materials are transported on our
  roadways, railways and waterways daily, therefore
  an accident can occur anywhere at anytime.
• Learn the dangers of common place hazardous
  materials and have a list of professionals that
  can advise on appropriate responses.
• Many hazardous materials do not have a taste or
  an odor. Some materials can be detected because
  they cause physical reactions such as watering
  eyes or nausea. Some hazardous materials exist
  beneath the surface of the ground and can be
  recognized by an oil or foam-like appearance

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Nuclear Power Plant Emergency

• Federal, State and local officials work together
  to develop site- specific emergency response
  plans for nuclear power plant accidents. These
  plans are tested through exercises that include
  protective actions for schools and nursing homes
  
• Contact with authorities should be established
  to review current protective reactive measures
  (Evacuation procedures will vary depending on
  distance and direction from the nuclear facility)
  
• The plans also delineate evacuation routes,
  reception centers for those seeking radiological
  monitoring and location of congregate care
  centers for temporary lodging
• State and local governments, with support from
  the Federal government and utilities, develop
  plans that include a plume emergency planning
  zone with a radius of 10 miles from the plant,
  and an ingestion planning zone within a radius
  of 50 miles from the plant

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Nuclear Power Plant Emergency Cont

• Residents within the 10-mile emergency planning
  zone are regularly disseminated emergency
  information materials (via brochures, the phone
  book, calendars, utility bills, etc.). These
  materials contain educational information on
  radiation, instructions for evacuation and
  sheltering, special arrangements for the
  handicapped, contacts for additional
  information, etc Residents should be familiar
  with these emergency information materials 
• Radiological emergency plans call for a prompt
  Alert and Notification system. If needed, this
  prompt Alert and Notification System will be
  activated quickly to inform the public of any
  potential threat from natural or man-made
  events. This system uses either siren, tone
  alert radios, route alerting known as the "Paul
  Revere" method, or a combination to notify the
  public to tune their radios or television to an
  Emergency Alert System station

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Nuclear Power Plant Emergency Cont

•  
• The EAS stations will provide information and
  emergency instructions for the public to follow.
  If you are alerted, tune to your local EAS
  station which includes radio stations,
  television stations, and the cable TV system
• Special plans must be made to assist and care
  for persons who are medically disabled or
  handicapped. If you or someone you know lives
  within ten miles of a nuclear facility, please
  notify and register with your local emergency
  management agency. Adequate assistance will be
  provided during an emergency

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Nuclear Power Plant Emergency EMERGENCY
CLASSIFICATION LEVELS

• Preparedness for commercial nuclear power plants
  includes a system for notifying the public if a
  problem occurs at a plant. The emergency
  classification level of the problem is defined
  by these four categories
• Notification of Unusual Event is the least
  serious of the four levels. The event poses no
  threat to you or to plant employees, but
  emergency officials are notified. No action by
  the public is necessary
• Alert is declared when an event has occurred that
  could reduce the plant's level of safety, but
  backup plant systems still work. Emergency
  agencies are notified and kept informed, but no
  action by the public is necessary

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Nuclear Power Plant Emergency EMERGENCY
CLASSIFICATION LEVELS Cont

• Site Area Emergency is declared when an event
  involving major problems with the plant's safety
  systems has progressed to the point that a
  release of radioactivity into the air or water is
  possible, but is not expected to exceed
  Environmental Protection Agency Protective Action
  Guidelines (PAGs) beyond the site boundary. No
  action by the public is necessary
• General Emergency is the most serious of the four
  classifications and is declared when an event at
  the plant causes a loss of safety systems. If
  such an event occurs, radiation may be released
  that would travel beyond the site boundary.
  State and local authorities will take action to
  protect the residents living near the plant. The
  alert and notification system will be sounded.
  People in the affected areas would be advised to
  evacuate promptly or, in some situations, to
  shelter in place. When the sirens are sounded,
  listen to your radio, television and tone alert
  radios for site-specific information and
  instructions

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Nuclear Power Plant EmergencyIF YOU ARE ALERTED

• Remember that hearing a siren or tone alert
  radio does not mean you should evacuate. It
  means you should promptly turn to an EAS station
  to determine whether it is only a test or an
  actual emergency. Tune to your local radio or
  television station for information. The warning
  siren could mean a nuclear power plant emergency
  or the sirens could be used as a warning for
  tornado, fire, flood, chemical spill, etc
• Do not call 911. Special rumor control numbers
  and information will be provided to the public
  for a nuclear power plant emergency, either
  during the EAS message, in the utilities' public
  information brochure, or both
• Check on your neighbors

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Nuclear Power Plant EmergencyIF YOU ARE
ALERTED Cont

• In a nuclear power plant emergency, you may be
  advised to go indoors and, if so, to close all
  windows, doors, chimney dampers, other sources
  of outside air, and turn off forced air heating
  and cooling equipment, etc
•  
• If Advised to Evacuate ?
  SEE EVACUATION
•  
• Three Ways to Minimize
  Radiation Exposure
• Time, Distance, and Shielding

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Nuclear Power Plant EmergencyIF YOU ARE
ALERTED Cont
Time Most radioactivity loses its strength
fairly quickly. Limiting the time spent
near the source of radiation reduces the amount
of radiation exposure you will receive.
Following an accident, local authorities will
monitor any release of radiation and determine
the level of protective actions and when
the threat has passed. Distance The more
distance between you and the source of the
radiation, the less radiation you will
receive. In the most serious nuclear power plant
accident, local officials will likely call
for an evacuation, thereby increasing the
distance between you and the radiation.
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Nuclear Power Plant EmergencyIF YOU ARE
ALERTED Cont
  Shielding Like Distance, the more dense and
heavy the materials between you and the
source of the radiation are, the better. This is
why local officials may advise you to
remain indoors if an accident occurs. In
some cases, the walls in your home or workplace
would be sufficient shielding to protect
you for a short period of time.
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Nuclear Power Plant EmergencyKEEPING INFORMED

• Attend public information meetings.
  You may also want to attend post- exercise
  meetings that include the media and the public
• Contact local emergency management
  officials who can provide information about
  radioactivity, safety precautions, and state,
  local, industry and federal plans
• Ask about the hazards radiation may
  pose to your family, especially with respect to
  young children, pregnant women and the elderly
• Ask where nuclear power plants are
  located

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Nuclear Power Plant EmergencyKEEPING INFORMED
Cont

• Learn your community's warning systems
• Learn emergency plans for schools, day care
  centers, nursing homes-- anywhere family members
  might be
• Be familiar with emergency information materials
  that are regularly disseminated to your home
  (via brochures, the phone book, calendars,
  utility bills, etc) These materials contain
  educational information on radiation,
  instructions for evacuation and sheltering,
  special arrangements for the handicapped,
  contacts for additional information, etc

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Nuclear Power Plant EmergencyIf Advised to
Remain at Home

• Bring pets inside
• Close and lock windows and doors
• Turn off air conditioning, vents, fans
  and furnace and seal if feasible
• Close fireplace dampers
• Go to the basement or other underground
  area
• Stay inside until authorities say it is
  safe
• When Coming In From Outdoors
• Remove clothing and shoes worn outdoors
  and seal them in a plastic bag
• Shower

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Nuclear Power Plant EmergencySCHOOL
EVACUATIONSParents/Guardians

• If an incident involving an actual
  or potential radiological release occurs,
  special consideration should be given to the
  safety of children
• If an emergency is declared,
  students in the 10-mile emergency planning zone
  will be relocated to designated facilities in a
  safe area. Usually, as a precautionary measure,
  school children are relocated prior to the
  evacuation of the general public
• As a parent you can best help your
  child/student by making certain that the school
  system implements and practices evacuation
  policies and procedures

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Nuclear Power Plant EmergencySCHOOL
EVACUATIONS Parents/Guardians Cont
This is especially important for parents not to
rush to the school in an attempt to help or
evacuate their own children. They could in effect
be very detrimental to the organized evacuation.
First, only buses and emergency vehicles should
be traveling in the direction of the school, all
other vehicles should be denied entry for safety
reasons. Second, you may not understand what the
school policies and actions are and may interfere
with their efforts. Third, should you evacuate
anyone from the area, the student may be
considered unaccounted for when an attempt to
relocate is made, possibly causing someone to
re-enter the hot zone and unnecessarily risk
their life.
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Nuclear Power Plant EmergencyFIRST-AID For
Those Properly Trained

• Set up a triage station a safe
  distance (will vary depending on the type, size
  and area of the attack) from Hot-Zone
• Give first-aid where appropriate
• Seriously injured or burned victims
  should be transported to professional medical
  help immediately
• Stay out of damaged buildings
• Return home only after authorities
  say it is safe
• It is also suggested that before
  returning home you seek medical attention. You
  may have become contaminated or injured without
  realizing it while assisting others
• Responding crisis teams will need to
  deal with and should understand the stress
  created by such incidents on both those affected
  directly and indirectly

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Evacuations

• Goal To evacuate a dangerous situation as
  quickly and safely as possible
• General Guidelines
• Use the stairs to escape
• When evacuating, stay low to the ground
• If possible, cover mouth with a cloth to
  avoid inhaling smoke and gases
• In a building explosion, get out of the
  building as quickly and calmly as possible
• If items are falling off of bookshelves
  or from the ceiling, get under a sturdy table or
  desk
• If there is a fire, stay low to the
  floor and exit the building as quickly as
  possible

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Evacuations Cont

• When approaching a closed door, use the
  palm of your hand and forearm to feel the lower,
  middle and upper parts of the door. If it is not
  hot, brace yourself against the door and open it
  slowly. If it is hot to the touch or if smoke
  is pouring in around the bottom of the door, do
  not open the door-- seek an alternate escape
  route
• Close doors in each room after escaping
  to delay the spread of the fire. Heavy smoke and
  poisonous gases collect first along the ceiling.
  Stay below the smoke at all times
• If you cannot see, attempt to crawl
  straight in the direction that you believe your
  best exit will be. Do not change directions.
  When you find a wall, move along the wall while
  maintaining contact with it until you locate an
  exit point
• DO NOT ANNOUNCE THE EVACUATION OR
  SITUATION ON THE INTERCOM. IF A DEVICE IS TO BE
  DETONATED ON COMMAND, THE ATTACKER MAY HEAR THE
  ANNOUNCEMENT AND DETONATE BEFORE THE AREA IS
  CLEARED.

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Evacuations Assignments

• Those assigned to search or determine areas
  clear SHOULD
• Keep in mind that you know the facility
  better than law enforcement officials
  therefore, you are likely the most qualified
  person for the job
• While evacuating each area, move quickly
  and carefully.
• Upon determining each area clear, mark the
  doors/entrances with fluorescent tape or spray
  paint and close doors behind you in order to
  avoid duplicating efforts.
• Attempt to use megaphones to communicate while
  evacuating. Although primitive, hard-line phones
  prevent efficient movement while evacuating and
  handheld radios and cell phones may trigger
  Radio Frequency (RF) devices

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EvacuationsAssignmentsCont

• Those assigned to set up perimeter
• It is important to set up a perimeter as
  quickly as possible, but first and foremost it
  must be set up a safe distance from the threat
• Outer perimeter - Keep unauthorized
  intruders out. Perimeter should be set up at all
  entry points to include parking lots and wooded
  areas surrounding schools
• Access to school grounds should only be
  granted to authorized authorities and
  identifiable (be aware of emergency vehicles that
  arrive well before known response times)
  emergency personnel
• When concentration is not on vehicles or
  persons attempting to gain entry to grounds,
  visually scan rooftops and grounds for secondary
  attackers/devices
• Inner perimeter - Make sure only
  designated personnel re-enter facility
• Students and/or faculty should remain
  between secure perimeters

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EvacuationsNuclear/Chem-Bio

• IF ASKED TO EVACUATE IN A NUCLEAR OR CHEM-BIO
  ATTACK
• Stay tuned to a radio or television for
  information on evacuation routes, temporary
  shelters and procedures
• Follow the routes recommended by the
  authorities - shortcuts may not be safe. If not
  available, remember Time, Distance, Shielding,
  and upstream and upwind
• Leave immediately
• If you have time, minimize contamination
  in the house by closing all windows, shutting
  all vents, and turning off attic fans
• Have disaster supplies ready to take
  with you (car, home, office)
• Flash light and extra batteries
• Portable, battery operated radio
• Water

55
EvacuationsNuclear / Chem-BioSupplies

• ITEMS TO TAKE WITH YOU contd
• High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) masks
• Fluorescent tape- preferably green and red
• Emergency food and water
• First aid kit and manual
• Cash and credit cards
• Essential medicines
• Sturdy shoes/boots
• Several hard hats
• Towels or rags
• Glow sticks
• Blankets
• Matches
• Other

56
EvacuationsNuclear/ Chem-BioTransportation

• Use your own transportation or make
  arrangements to ride with a neighbor
• Public transportation should be available
  for those who have not made arrangements
• Keep car windows and air vents closed and
  listen to an EAS radio station

57
Communication

• Throughout the Evacuation/Relocation process
  communication will be crucial in the fight to
  survive
• A planned and practiced system of communication
  must be in place including language (terms) to be
  used and any particular order in which people
  will speak
• Personnel should be instructed not to use
  cellular phones until all personnel are clear of
  building
• While communication between team members is
  taking place, someone else must be notifying the
  authorities emergency services and in a school
  system, the district administration who should
  notify other facilities in district and other
  pre-designated contacts

58
Relocation

• Ideal Logistics
• Primary and secondary relocation sites should be
  predetermined
• Evacuation route should be cleared before passing
  through it
• Security should be set up at relocation site
  before your arrival
• Enough transportation should be available for all
  personnel
• Personnel should be transported from inside the
  secure area
• Motorcade should be lead and followed by a police
  car
• Communication center must be set up at the
  relocation site
• Transportation vehicles should be checked for the
  appropriate drivers

59
RECOVERY

• Return home only when authorities say it is safe
• Follow local instructions concerning the safety
  of food and water
• Clean up and dispose of residue carefully. Follow
  instructions from emergency officials concerning
  clean-up methods
• Have plans for mental health professionals to
  meet with the faculty and staff first, and then
  the students upon their return to the school or
  replacement facility
• Guidance counselors and/or mental health
  professionals should have plans in place for
  assisting the students in dealing with a
  traumatic incident

60
Internet References Addresses

• This section lists a number of INTERNET
  addresses that may be useful in obtaining
  information required regarding information as it
  relates to homeland defense. These addresses
  were correct at time of the publication, but may
  have changed since then. Many of the sites
  contain links to additional sites of interest.
• Army Training Support Center (http//www.atsc-arm
  y.org/atdls.html) Provides a digital library with
  approved training and doctrine information.
  Files include FMs, Mission Training Plans,
  Soldier Training Pubs, and more.
•  
• Assay Techniques for Detection of Exposure of
  Sulfur Mustard, Cholinesterase Inhibitors, Sarin,
  Soman, GF, and Cyanide - TB MED 296.
  (http//chemdef.apgea.army.mil/TBMed296/TBMed296.h
  tml)
•  
• Atmospheric Dispersion of Reacting Agents
  (http//world.std.com/Blazetek) Link to the
  ADORA particulate dispersion model Demonstration
  Software is downloadable. Site contains model
  description, capabilities, and characteristics.
  Price is 50K.

61
Internet References Addresses

• C.B.N. Terrorism Consequence Management Bulletin
  Board (http//www.terrorism.com/cgi-bin/wwwboard/m
  essages/173.html) Chemical, Biological, and
  Nuclear Terrorism Consequence Management Bulletin
  Board where one can solicit help or information.
  Does not appear widely used. 
• Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
  (http//www.cdc.gov/cdc.html) Information
  regarding infectious diseases. 
• Center for Disease Control-NCEH (National Center
  of Environmental Health) (www.cdc.gov/) Multiple
  links through the CDC on environmental health.
  Has a search option at bottom of page. 
• ChemDex - Chemistry Related Sites on the Internet
  (http//www.shef.ac.uk/chem/chemdex) Chemistry
  resources on the internet. Points to 3184 nodes.
  Has a menu by university, government, companies,
  societies/organizations, databases, and
  software. 
• Chemical and Biological Arms Control Institute
  (http//www.capitol.net/cbaci) Non-profit
  think tank with a great deal of information on
  chem/bio terrorism, US policy, treaties etc. 
• Chemical and Biological Defense Command (CBDCOM)
  (http//www.cbdcom.apgea.army.mil) Information
  on chemical/biological defense equipment and
  chemical agents.

62
Internet References Addresses

• CBIAC Chemical Biological Defense Information
  and Analysis Center (www.cbiac.apgea.army.mil)
  Collects, reviews, analyzes, and summarizes
  CW/CBD information.
•  Chemical/Biological Mission Area Overview
• (http//www.cbdcom.apgea.army.mil/RDA/apbi/friel/
  frielcht.gif) CBDCOM command briefing.
• Chemical and Biological Warfare - Health and
  Safety. (http//www.ntis.gov/health/health.html)
  Dept of Commerce NTIS site has info on CB agents,
  government research, detoxification and decon
  studies, developing immunizations and drug
  theories. 
• Chemical and Biological Weapons Information Page
  (http//www.wam.umd.edu/) Provides CBW resource
  links on Bio engineering, BW/CW agents, treaty
  information, CBW arms control resources, and OPCW
  and SIPRI links. 
• Chemical Emergency Preparedness and Prevention
  Office
• (lhttp//www.epa.gov/swercepp/) Information on
  the CEPPO office, upcoming events, publications,
  legislation and regulations, and links to outside
  resources. Also contains information on accident
  prevention and risk management planning. 
• Chemical Transportation Emergency Center
  (CHEMTREC) (http//www.cmahq.com). Source of
  technical assistance from chemical product safety
  specialists, emergency response coordinators,
  toxicologists and other hazardous materials
  specialists

63
Internet References Addresses

• Counter-terrorism Page (http//www.terrorism.com)
  Site for general terrorism information. Many
  links to other sites.
• Current Information on CB Terrorism
  (http//www.counterterrorism.net/pages/magazine.ht
  ml) Active Websites 
• DARPA Accelerated Consequence Management
  (http//saturn.hpc.org80/index.test.html) A
  server dedicated to providing information on
  DARPAs BW defense accelerated consequence
  management program. Includes document research
  link. 
• DARPA BW Defense Page (http//saturn.hpc.org/BWD/
  other_links.html) Medical defense information
  including CBIAC, USMC CB Incident Response Force,
  Global Health Disaster Network, Med Web, and U.S.
  CB Warfare web links. 
• Defense Technical Information Web
  (http//www.dtic.dla.mil/dtiw/) DTIC site with
  links to the Public Scientific and Technical
  Information Network, 1 AC - the DOD Information
  Analysis Center, information locators, and news.
  Also links to special collections of NBC related
  data. 
• Disaster Management Central Resource
  (http//206.39.77.2/DMCR/dmrhome.html) Lackland
  AFB site with information on civilian support
  resources, triage of mass casualty situations,
  medicine and terrorism, terrorism injuries and
  NBC Medical Library.

64
Internet References Addresses

• Disaster Resource Guide (http//disaster-resource.
  com) Source of information on commercial firms
  which can assist during emergencies. 
• DOD Report to Congress on Domestic Preparedness
  Against Weapons of Mass Destruction, May 1, 1997
  (http//www.fas.org/spp/starwars/program/domestic/
  execsumm.html) Assesses types of CB threats,
  identifies unmet CB training, and equipment
  requirements for first responders, identifies CB
  warfare information, expertise, and equipment
  that could be adapted to civilian use, and the
  DOD plan for assisting first responders. 
• EAI Corporation (http//eaicorp.com) Specialists
  in chemical and biological weapons defense and
  training. Can leave e-mail questions to be
  answered. Links to other sites. 
• EAI Corporation Catalog Chemical and Biological
  Arms Control and Treaty Compliance
• (http//eaicorp.com/cat_treaty.html)  
• ECDIN - Searchable Chemical Database
  (http//ulisse.etoit.eudra.org/Ecdin/E_hinfo.html)
  Online searchable chemical database for chemical
  identification, physical chemical properties,
  production and use, occupational health and
  safety, toxicity, concentration and fate in
  environment.
• Edgewood Research (www.apgea.army.mil/RDA/erdec/i
  ndex.html)

65
Internet References Addresses

• Emergency Response to Chemical/Biological
  Terrorism Incidents
• (http//www.emergency.com/cbwlesn1.html)
  Emergency Response and Research Institute. Good
  article on response operations. Has links to
  other info including CB agents and related
  emergency response articles. 
• Environmental WWW Servers (http//chppm-www.apgea
  .army.mil/dehe/dehe.html) CHPPM links to
  environmental law, toxic substances and disease
  registry, Australian environmental resources
  network, Friends of Earth, and Habitat Ecology. 
• EPA Envirofacts Database (http//www.epa.gov/envi
  ro/html/ef_query.html) Has search features for
  Superfund, Hazardous Waste Data, Toxic Release
  Inventory, Air Releases, and chemical search. 
• Extension Toxicology Network (http//ace.orst.edu
  /info/extoxnet) Toxicology Information Briefs
  contain discussion of toxicology and
  environmental chemistry. Has a search
  capability. Also pesticide information. 
• Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
  (http//www.fema.gov) Information regarding
  hazardous materials response handling. 
• FEMA - Bio, Toxic Agents, Epidemic Hazards
  Reference (www.fema.gov/emi/edu/biblo12.html)
  Emergency Management related bibliography on
  biological, toxic agents, and epidemic hazards.

66
Internet References Addresses

• FEMA - Emergency Management - Related
  Bibliography (www.fema.gov/emi/edu/biblo12.html)
  Currently 35 links to various Emergency
  Management related bibliographies. At least ten
  of these relate to NBC.
• FEMA - Hazardous Materials References
  (www.fema.gov/emi/edu/biblo17.html) No links. 
• FEMA Library (www.fema.gov/library/index.html)
  Internet Library links with graphic interface
  including Response and Recovery, Internet
  resources, archives, mitigation, and more. 
• FEMA - Nuclear Power Plant Hazard Reference
  (www.fema.gov/emi/edu/biblo21.html) No links. 
• FEMA Preparedness (www.fema.gov/fema/pre2.html)
  Provides links to Planning, Training, Exercises,
  Information, Community and Family Preparedness
  Program. 
• FEMA Preparedness, Training, Exercises
  Directorate (www.fema.gov/pte/) Site helps
  emergency managers prepare to respond quickly and
  efficiently. Has a link to the Emergency
  Education Network and Emergency Management
  Institute. 
• Federation of American Scientist Working Group on
  Chemical and Biological Weapons Program
  (www.fas.org/bwc/index.html) Contains a report of
  Alleged Use or Release of BW and toxins. Also
  VEREX A Legally Binding compliance regime.

67
Internet References Addresses

• Handbook on the Medical Aspects of NBC Defense
  Operations FM 8-9 Part III - Chemical
• (http//chemdef.apgea.army.mil/fm8-9/part_iii/cov
  er.html) No limits. 
• Health Service Support in a NBC Environment FM
  8-10-7.
• (http//chemdef.apgea.army.mil/fm8-10-7/cover.htm
  l) No limits. 
• Internet Disaster Information Network
  (www.disaster.net/index.html) No limits. 
• Local Terrorism Planning Model
  (http//www.emergency.com/hzmtpage.html)
  Hazardous Materials Operation Page lists related
  articles and research as well as web links to
  related topics including medical treatment. An
  excellent first search resource. 
• Med Web-Emergency (www.gen.emory.edu/medweb/medwe
  b.html) Emory University emergency medicine site
  with links to hazardous substance release and
  health effects databases, environmental health,
  toxicology. 
• Medical CB Defense - Biological
  (http//MRMC-www.army.mil/biodef_t.html) Provides
  links to medical biological defense, diagnostic
  assays, botulmum toxin, anthrax vaccine, other
  vaccines, and protection against BW aerosols.

68
Internet References Addresses

• Medical CB Defense - Chemical (http//MRMC-www.ar
  my.mil/chemdef_t.html) Provides links to Medical
  Chemical defense, various agent types, decon and
  protection, performance effects of protectant
  drugs, and chemical casualty management. 
• Medical NBC (www.nbc-med.org) Medical NBC
  Information Server web page contains medical
  documentation, training material, a search
  engine, and a library. Run by the US Army
  Medical Dept. 
• Medical NBC Defense (http//www.nbc-med.org)
  Source of detailed information regarding the
  treatment of chemical, biological and radiation
  casualties. Can download Army manuals on the
  subject (recommend FM 8-9 in particular). 
• Medical Planners Resource Center
  (http//www.geocities.com/CapitalHill/7533/)
  Provides links to other sites including Military
  and Disaster Sites, military medicine and
  schools, and related federal agencies. 
• MIL NET Terrorism (http//www.onestep.com80/mi
  lnet/terror.html) Focus on terrorism with links
  to terrorism in the U.S., terrorist groups,
  weapons, chronological file, elite forces, and
  legal aspects. Also links to U.S. government
  counter-terrorism and Army War College reading
  list on nuclear terrorism. 
• National Institute for Occupational Safety and
  Health (NIOSH) (http//www.cdc.gov/niosh/homepage.
  html) Information regarding various hazards and
  human health and safety. Download of the NIOSH
  Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards update is
  possible. Access to the Registry of Toxic
  Effects of Chemical Substances database.

69
Internet References Addresses

• National Research Council (www.nas.edu/nrc)
  Provides supports on NRC activities in numerous
  fields, including chemical demil. Homepage has
  search option. 
• Occupational Safety and Health Administration
  (OSHA) (http//gabby.osha-slc.gov/OCIS/tech_info.h
  tml) Information regarding various hazards and
  human health and safety. 
• Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical
  Weapons (OPCW) (http//www.opcw.nl) International
  organization formed to enforce the provisions of
  the Chemical Weapons Convention. Much good
  information about chemical weapons in laymans
  terms.  
• Other Sources of BW Weapons Info
  (www.fas.org/bwc/bwcweb.html) Provides a data
  link to numerous BW and CW sites. Primary focus
  is on BW/CW Conventions disarmament. 
• Personnel Safety Management/Risk Management
  Program
• (http//www.infoassets.com/kbi/psmlink.html)
  Excellent links to government health and safety,
  DOD HAZMAT, state health and safety, MSDSs, DOT
  RSPA Hazardous materials safety, DOE environment,
  safety, and health. 
• RCRA, Superfund, and EPCRA Hotline
  (http//www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hotline/) Provides
  up to date info on several EPA program/regulations
  .

70
Internet References Addresses

• Asst Sec Def for NBC Homepage (http//www.dtic.mi
  l/ae/) Provides organization, POCs, program
  documents, and links to other OSD offices and the
  Defense Special Weapons Agency, and the On-Site
  Inspection Agency.
• SIRI MSDS Collection (http//hazard.com/msds)
  A collection of Material Safety Data Sheets for
  many industrial chemicals and hazardous
  materials.  
• Stanford University-Chemical Safety
  (http//www.portfolio.stanford.edu/104214)
  Hazardous properties of materials, physical
  hazards, flammability, corrosivity, toxic
  effects, target organ information. Includes
  storage groups for compatible segregation. 
• Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
  (SIPRI)
• (http//www.sipri.se/projects/chembio.html)
  Extensive research in arms control, military
  expenditures, technology, CB weapons, European
  security. Excellent external web links. 
• Terrorism with CB Weapons Calibrating Risks
  Responses
• (http//www.pressroom.com/cbaci/) Chemical and
  Biological Arms Institute focuses on elimination
  of these weapons. Provides research, analysis,
  technical support, and education. Assists in CWC
  implementation.

71
Internet References Addresses

• Treatment of Chemical Agent Casualties - FM 8-285
  (http//med.org/fm8-285/ndx.htm) Army Field
  Manual 8-285 www.nbc- 
• US Army Center for Health Promotion and
  Preventive Medicine
• (http//chppm-www.apgea.army.mil) Home page
  providing links especially requests for CHPPM
  services. Links connect to Directorates of
  Environmental Health Engineering, Health
  Promotion and Wellness, Laboratory Sciences,
  Occupational Health, and Toxicology. 
• US Army Medical RD Command (http//MRMC-www.army
  .mil) Links include military infectious disease,
  chemical and biological links, scientific and
  technical reports, and web site links. 
• US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical
  Defense (http//chemdef.apgea.army.mil) Provides
  data links to open literature for medical
  management of chemical casualties, and assay
  techniques for chemical agents. 
• US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious
  Diseases (http//140.139.42.105/) Provides links
  to MEDCOM, Ebola site, outbreak reporting site,
  Center for Disease Control, DTIC, Army, and
  more. 
• US Army Project Manager for Chemical Demil
  (http//www-pmcd.apgea.army.mil) PM Chemical
  Demil site with links stockpile disposal, the
  non-stockpile program, alternate technology, the
  Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness
  Program, and foreign demil assistance. Has
  excellent links to other chemical related
  agencies.

72
Internet References Addresses

• U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) Hazardous
  Material Information Exchange (HMIX)
  (http//hmix.dis.anl.gov) Source of information
  regarding the hazardous material published in the
  North American Emergency Response Guidebook.
•  U.S. Department of State Warnings
  (http//www.state.gov/travel-advisories.htm/) The
  U.S. Department of State Bureau of Consular
  Affairs is now online and makes available a
  variety of helpful information for travelers
  including the official U.S. State Department
  Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. 
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  (http//www.epa.gov/) EPA Homepage. Has links to
  news, regulations, data systems and software,
  information services, and a search feature. 
• USMC NBC Defense School (http//ftmc-marine.army.
  mil/nbc/nbc.html) Course information.
• U.S. Secret Service (http//www.ustreas.gov/usss/)
  The U.S. Secret Service Homepage. Provides links
  to Treasury Law Enforcement and Public Awareness.
• White House Homepage (http//www1.whitehouse.gov)
  Directory of commonly requested federal services
  Briefing Room lists the daily official news
  briefings from the White House.