Application and Transfer of Fundamental Concepts to other Programming Languages

1
Application and Transfer of Fundamental Concepts
to other Programming Languages

• MSTU 4031

2
Some Other Programming Languages

• C
• C
• Perl

3
Fundamentals

• Editing, compilation and running programs
• Input/Output
• Variables
• Declaring
• Initializing
• Types
• Conditionals
• if/else
• Loops
• for
• while

4
Introduction to C

• C is a structured programming language. A
  disciplined approach to writing software using a
  methodological approach.
• Edit (pico, vi, emacs)
• Name files with a .c extension
• Compile
• cc filename.c
• Run
• If the compilation was successful a a.out file
  is produced
• To run just type a.out

5
C Comments and main()

• Documentation/Comments
• C uses / / Style comments
• Every program contains a main() - a program
  building block, a function
• C programs contain one or more functions, one of
  which must be a main
• Every program in C begins executing at the
  function main

6
C Functions for input/output

• printf()
• Prints a sequence of characters to the screen
• Example printf(Enter an integer\n)
• scanf
• Takes input from the standard input (usually the
  keyboard. Two arguments d and (address
  operator) followed by the variable name
• when combined with the variable name tells
  scanf the location in memory in which the
  variable should be stored.
• Example
• scanf(d, myinteger)
• (c or s for chars, strings)

7
C Input and Output

• include ltstdio.hgt (include at the beginning of
  your program)
• This tells the preprocessor to include the
  contents of the standard input/output header file
  (stdio.h) in the program. This should be included
  in any file that uses any input/output functions
  such as printf or scanf.

8
C Variables

• Declaring variables
• (int, double, float, char , char)
• Example
• int counter, index, totalArray10
• Important to initialize all variables
• Example
• counter0
• index0

9
C Operators

• Logical Operators
• Equality
• !
• Relational Operators
• lt, gt, gt, lt

10
C Conditionals and Iteration

• if
• if/else
• while
• do/while
• for

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include ltstdio.hgt /This program asks the user
for input, stores the input in an integer array,
traverses the array and prints out the output.
/ main() int i,integer1, counter,
totalArray10 integer10 counter
0 while (counter lt 10) printf ("Enter
an integer\n") scanf ("d", integer1) print
f("You entered d\n", integer1) totalArraycoun
ter integer1 counter for
(i0ilt10i) printf("Array element d
is d\n", i, totalArrayi)
12
include ltstdio.hgt /This program asks the user
for input, stores the input in an integer array,
traverses the array and prints out the output.
/ main() int i,integer1, counter,
totalArray10 integer10 counter
0 while (counter lt 10) printf ("Enter
an integer\n") scanf ("d", integer1) print
f("You entered d\n", integer1) totalArraycoun
ter integer1 counter for
(i0ilt10i) printf("Array element d
is d\n", i, totalArrayi)
13
include ltstdio.hgt /This program asks the user
for input, stores the input in an integer array,
traverses the array and prints out the output.
/ main() int i,integer1, counter,
totalArray10 integer10 counter
0 while (counter lt 10) printf ("Enter
an integer\n") scanf ("d", integer1) print
f("You entered d\n", integer1) totalArraycoun
ter integer1 counter for
(i0ilt10i) printf("Array element d
is d\n", i, totalArrayi)
14
include ltstdio.hgt /This program asks the user
for input, stores the input in an integer array,
traverses the array and prints out the output.
/ main() int i,integer1, counter,
totalArray10 integer10 counter
0 while (counter lt 10) printf ("Enter
an integer\n") scanf ("d", integer1) print
f("You entered d\n", integer1) totalArraycoun
ter integer1 counter for
(i0ilt10i) printf("Array element d
is d\n", i, totalArrayi)
15
include ltstdio.hgt /This program asks the user
for input, stores the input in an integer array,
traverses the array and prints out the output.
/ main() int i,integer1, counter,
totalArray10 integer10 counter
0 while (counter lt 10) printf ("Enter
an integer\n") scanf ("d", integer1) print
f("You entered d\n", integer1) totalArraycoun
ter integer1 counter for
(i0ilt10i) printf("Array element d
is d\n", i, totalArrayi)
16
include ltstdio.hgt /This program asks the user
for input, stores the input in an integer array,
traverses the array and prints out the output.
/ main() int i,integer1, counter,
totalArray10 integer10 counter
0 while (counter lt 10) printf ("Enter
an integer\n") scanf ("d", integer1) print
f("You entered d\n", integer1) totalArraycoun
ter integer1 counter for
(i0ilt10i) printf("Array element d
is d\n", i, totalArrayi)
17
Perl

• What is Perl
• Perl is a "Practical Extraction and Report
  Language".
• Perl is a high-level, free-form (for the most
  part), object oriented programming language.
• Interpreted language
• Edit
• test.pl
• Compile Run
• perl test.pl

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Java vs. Perl

• for single line comments
• No compiling (interpreted)
• Running perl programs
• perl .pl
• Variable declaration (type is known)
• Scalar
• Arrays (You can mix all kinds of data types in an
  array)
• _at_arrayname()
• arrayname0
• Hash

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!/usr/bin/perl -w _at_MyArray() counter0 myin
teger 0 while (counter lt 10) print("Enter
an integer \n") myinteger ltSTDINgt chomp
(myinteger) MyArraycounter
myinteger counter for (i0ilt10
i) print("Array element i is
MyArrayi.\n")
20
Perl Resources

• On-line Tutorials
• Web Developer's Virtual Library has tutorials and
  reference for HTML, VRML, XML, CSS, CGI, Perl,
  Java, JavaScript and much more 
  wdvl.internet.com.
• Tom's Object-Oriented Perl Tutorial 
  http//language.perl.com/all_about/perltoot.html
• Randy's Column on OO Perl  http//www.stonehenge.
  com/merlyn/UnixReview/col13.html
• Perl Introduction
• http//www.devlearn.com/perl/perlintro.html

21
C

• Tutorial
• http//www.cplusplus.com/doc/tutorial/tut1-1.html

22
Python

• http//www.python.org/doc/current/tut/tut.html