HEAD LINE

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ICT and Sustainable development Besök från KTH
2006-09-14
Maqts-Olov Hedblom Environmental Director
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Where is the industry heading?
Economy
Environment
1970
1995
2000
Time
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LCA Life CycleAssessment
Operation (Fossil based electricity production)
Product Life Cycle
Manufacturing (Metal mining and smelting)
TransportsTravel
End-of-life treatment
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Goals of the Study

• Develop flexible LCA model for present and future
  needs ?
• Develop electricity models ?
• Develop LCA database ?
• Study pilot 3G system ?
• 3G network for 1,5 million subscribers placed in
  London, Tokyo and Dallas
• Peer reviewed accepted (independent scientists)
  ?

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Total Site View ? LCA Model
Emissions to air (ex CO2, NOX)
Input of energy and energy carriers
Use of land resources
Emissions to ground (ex RHW)
Transports
Input of products
Site model

• Model examples
• 2 ICs
• PCBs
• 9 component fam.
• LCDs
• Batteries
• PBA processes
• 3 Mech. proc.

Output of product(s)
Input of ancillary products
Use of natural resources (ex Crude Oil)
Output of waste (incl. recycling)
Emissions to water (ex Cu)
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LCSEA (Stressor-Effect Assessment)
Seven regions studied Sweden, UK, EU, Japan, US
average, US Texas and Taiwan. A unique ECF
(Environmental Characterization Factor) is
calculated for each region and each environmental
impact category
..a World average is also calculated for each
environmental impact category.
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Life Cycle Inventory - LCI
World average 3G system, annual operation Green
field system

• Parameters
• Traffic model
• Geography
• Coverage
• Climate
• Life time
• Site materials
• Terminals
• Development

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2005 Relative Results / Normalization
Resource depleation -Raw Materials
0,060
-Energy
0,55
GHG/Climate Change
0,54
Acidification - Terrestrial
0,39
Eutrofication Natural systems
0,42
Eutrofication - Aquatic
0,35
0,072
Photochemical Ozone -human
-vegitation
0,18
No data available (no world average) 0,011
No data available (no world average) 0,15
Stratospheric ozone depletion
0,00046
Phyical disruption of land
0,0032
100
0
1
of total impact (per capita)
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Totally or partially banned elements/substances
Banned (RoHS)
Under observation/debate
He
H
No restrictions (Used in ICT)
Li
B
N
Ne
F
O
C
Be
F
Na
Mg
Al
Si
P
S
Ar
Cl
K
Kr
Cr
Ni
Sc
V
Cu
As
Br
Ca
Ti
Fe
Co
Zn
Ga
Ge
Se
Mn
Rh
Pd
In
Te
Rb
Sr
Zr
Mo
Tc
Ru
Ag
Cd
Sn
Sb
I
Xe
Nb
Y
F
Cs
Re
Ir
Au
Hg
Tl
Pb
Po
At
Rn
Bi
Pt
Os
Ba
La
Hf
W
Ta
Fr
Ra
Ac
Ce
Eu
Tb
Dy
Ho
Er
Yb
Lu
Pr
Nd
Gd
Tm
Pm
Sm
Th
Pa
U
Np
Pu
Am
Cm
Bk
Cf
Es
Fm
Md
No
Lw
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Technology Evolution Moores Law Example GSM
MSC
2006 System on a Blade
2004
1996
1990
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Where is the industry heading?
Economy
Environment
CR (Corporate Responsibility)
1970
1995
2000
Time
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How does Ericsson work with CR?

• Environment Policy and Energy Goals
• Code of Conduct
• Code of Business Ethics
• Radio frequency exposure and health
• Corporate sponsorship (local)
• Employee volunteer (local)
• Ericsson Response (global)
• UN Global Compact
• Yearly Sustainability Report
• Communication for All
• Richer Communication

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Where is the industry heading?
Economy
Environment
Sustainable Development
CR (Corporate Responsibility)
Millennium Development Goals Economic growth
1970
1995
2000
Time
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Global Warming
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ICT is a key enabler of sustainable development
.
Resource consumption
GNP
One Billion consumes 80
Future
Sustainable level
Five Billion 20
ICT
Quality of Life
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Perspectives oil production- Drives gt 80 of
all physical transport
The economists view (IEA 2030 forecast)

• Oil consumption now at
• 84 000 000 Barrels per day
• China growing with 8

Very different communication environment
The historians view
The geologists view (peak oil)
1900
2000
year
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WBCSD May 8 2006

• Federal study finds 'clear evidence' of human
  contribution to warming
• Greenwire, 3 May 2006 - Warming of the Earth's
  surface and the lower atmosphere since the late
  1950s is at least partially due to human
  emissions of greenhouse gases, according to a
  synthesis and assessment report released
  yesterday by the U.S. Climate Change Science
  Program.

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China's glaciers in rapid retreat due to climate
change SciDev.Net, 3 May 2006 - Glaciers on
China's Qinghai-Tibet plateau are shrinking by
seven per cent a year because of global warming,
the state news agency Xinhua reported yesterday
(2 May). As the glaciers disappear, the high
plateau is turning into desert and this will
eventually trigger more droughts and sandstorms,
warns Dong Guangrong of the Chinese Academy of
Sciences. Dong, whose study used over four
decades of data from 681 Chinese weather
stations, concludes that global warming is to
blame. Han Yongxiang of the National
Meteorological Bureau Global told Xinhua that
average temperatures in Tibet have risen by 0.9
degrees Celsius since the 1980s, which has
caused the glaciers to melt faster. Sandstorms
are becoming increasingly severe in northern
China because of land degradation. On average,
their frequency has grown from five a year in the
1960s to 24 in the 1990s according to the UN
Environment Programme. Last month, a major
sandstorm swept across northern China, dumping
330,000 tonnes of sand on Beijing. This article
is reproduced with kind permission of the Science
and Development Network (SciDev.Net).For more
news and articles, visit www.scidev.net or
subscribe to the SciDev.Net weekly e-mail alert.

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Environmental Management
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Group Management System structure
Global Environmental Management System
ISO 14001 Global Certificate
Supplier CoC
Env Goal
Production
DfE
Components
Raw Materials
ICT
Use
RoHS
WEEE
Society at large
End of life
Potential Environmental Improvements
Potential Environmental Load
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Energy is the number oneenvironmental aspect
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Energy Targets 2006-08

• The overall Group Environmental Objective is to
  decrease the use of energy that emits fossil
  carbon dioxide
• WCDMA
• During 2006 reduce energy consumption of total
  delivered Radio Base Station product mix by 25
• By 2008 decrease total energy consumption by 50
• compared to December 2005

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Climate Change (3G RBS)
(2001 results)
kg CO2-eqv. per subscriber and year
Operation (67 )
Manufacturing (34 )
End-of-life Treatment (-1)
2006 Jan
53
2008 Dec
24
7
14
3
Recycling
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Burning of biofuels is one important part of the
solution to Global Warming
CO
NO
O
2
x
3
Ox
C
N
2
Red
-CH -
2
CH
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Biodiesel
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Production of biodiesel
Farming of -seeds -nuts
Trans- Ester- ification
Pressing -fatty oils
Metyl fatty acid esters
Biodiesel
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Communication for All
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Barriers to operators building rural coverage in
developing countries

• Operators focus on densely populated areas
• Return on in vestment is higher in urban areas
  vs. rural areas
• Inefficient to build parallel competing networks
  rurally

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The Lindi Mtwara Project Southeast Tanzania

• Totally 1 200 000 people
• 55 000 km²
• Approx. 270 villages
• 38 base stations
• GPRS and EDGE enabled (data)
• High demand of mobile com among private users,
  enterprises and tourism
• Local governmental regulator support
• Local University support
• Sida support
• World Bank support
• United Nations Development Program (UNDP) support

Dar esSalaam
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Coverage simulations for Lindi Mtwara
Totally 38 sites with configuration
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Transmission Network Lindi/Mtwara

• Interconnect to Home Network
• in Dar Es Salaam

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Tanzania environmental impacts

• Base stations powered by locally grown bio fuel
• Local manufacturing creates new jobs
• Environmental friendly
• Trial project will be run inconnection with the
  network in Lindi/Mtwara in a second phase

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Cooperation Sida, DIT and Ericsson

• Cooperation project on training of local
  engineers
• Paticipants in the project are Sida Ericsson and
  DIT (Dar es Salaam Institute of Technology).
• To support local education
• To create new jobs
• To make the engineers employable by both Ericsson
  and others.

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Take back
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Consequences of EU WEEE Directive

• On 13/02/2003 the European Parliament published
  Directive 2002/96/EC on Waste Electrical and
  Electronic Equipment
• Was a legal requirement as of 13/08/2005 in 25
  (3) EU countries
• Treatment of WEEE
• Producers must ensure that WEEE is recovered
• Treatment must comply with Annex II selective
  treatment
• Targets set for treatment operation (by end of
  2006)
• 75 for recovery of appliance (average weight)
• 65 for reuse and recycling of component,
  material and substance (average weight)

WEEE-like legislation in preparation in many
countries globally!
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Ericssons Ecology Mgmt Take-backShort history

• 2000 Ecology Management Take-back study
  initiated
• Ericsson foresaw waste take-back would become
  legislation at some time in the future
• Lack of control of retired/de-commissioned
  equipment a growing problem.
• Corporate Directive issued during 2002
• Scope Implement Ecology Management Take-back
  globally
• To be a free-of-charge service to customers,
  based on one pre-defined pick-up point

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Global Take-back structure
Stockholm
Rijen
Dallas
Kuala Lumpur
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Ericssons Ecology Mgmt Take-backInitiative
requirements

• Two levels
• 1) Free-of-charge take-back.
• 2) De-commissioning at cost.
• Evaluation and choice of suitable waste treatment
  vendors
• Treatment of waste to follow current
  environmental recommendations (and/or
  legislation)
• Retired/de-commissioned equipment to be re-used,
  re-cycled and waste treated in order to minimize
  landfill.

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ICT
Global e-Sustainability Initiative of ICT service
providers and suppliers, with the support of the
United Nations Environment Programme
and International Telecommunication Union
UNEP
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