Developments in Displays

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Developments in Displays
Lots of tweaking going on every technology is
being improved Ill go through at least some of
these there are too many to cover
completely. Then Ill talk about some of the
newer technologies The major players CRTs
(theyre still around) LCDs PDPs Projectors LE
Ds Some of the newer entries OLEDs FEDs Flexi
ble displays electronic books 3D (if we have
time and patience)
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CRTs Still the best all-around image
quality Brightness, moving images, viewing
angle New, thinner designs But theyre still
bulky and heavy
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LCDs Speed is improving Materials, driving
techniques, new geometries Viewing
angle Backlights Improved color gamut and
contrast LED backlights Gray scale and
contrast Transitions between gray levels, not
just black to white Cost and prices New
plants, new entrants
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PDPs Excellent brightness, color, viewing
angle Cost is still high, but lower than LCDs in
large sizes Efficiency still a problem New
geometries, driving waveforms, gas
mixtures Motional artifacts have been
essentially eliminated So has burn-in, allegedly
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Projectors Four flavors CRT, LCD transmissive,
LCD reflective (LCoS), DLP CRTs are still
around, but obsolescent LCD transmissive one
panel or three panels One panel with color
wheel is inexpensive, but motion problems LCoS
can be compact, but light engine is difficult to
make DLP only from TI can be very good. One or
three panels Another MEMs device, grating, is
still somewhat experimental Light sources are
expensive, have limited life New optical
designs can produce very compact
projectors Problems with ambient light new
screen designs Front vs rear projection
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LEDs Extremes small displays and
spectaculars The really big displays are now
almost all LEDs The key was getting blue now
full color is available Bright, high contrast,
easier to install than the previous Jumbotron
CRTs Ubiquitous Las Vegas, Times Square,
stadia
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OLEDs Rapid progress some commercial products
now All LCD manufacturers are exploring Attracti
ons printing techniques, low cost Organic TFTs
to drive The possibilities for flexible
displays Also possible for other technologies
LCD, particles Life and color gamut are
improving Plastic substrates or metal plus
plastic There will be intense competition with
LCDs and PDPs
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FEDs New approaches have brought this back to
life
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Major problem was life due to outgasing, cathode
poisoning New cathodes have alleviated these
problems Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), surface
electron conduction Both seem to be resistant to
ion bombardment Impressive demonstrations, but no
products yet If they work, they have most of the
advantages of CRTs
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Flexible displays Can be OLED, electrophoretic,
LCD, other Attractive for extreme
portability Electronic books Need not be
flexible, but thats a possible added
advantage Even possibilities for very large,
roll-up displays
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What do you look for in a display Whats it used
for entertainment TV, PC applications? The
requirements are different TV wants brightness,
motion reproduction PC or other analytic uses
need lower B but high resolution Motion less
important Whats the viewing distance? How
important are color, gray-scale rendition? High
definition? Viewing angle Ambient light.
Reflections
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3D A lot of interest, but not much real
progress Multiple images via barrier layers
autostereoscopic Limited sweet
spot Stimulate peripheral vision IMAX,
Cinemascope Two images and eyeglasses Head-mount
ed displays No breakthroughs yet, despite the
hype But almost 200 companies are interested
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Summary Multiple technologies available now New
ones have an uphill fight, but there are still
new entries The current majors--LCD, PDP,
CRTwill not be displaced soon It takes 10
years for a new technology to be real in the
market place Lots that I havent discussed
simulators, digital cinema, the importance of
small displays (cell phones, cameras, ) Stay
tuned