STRATUM:

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STRATUM

• Running a STRATUM Analysis

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Creating a STRATUM Project
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Process Overview

• Creating a new STRATUM project
• Formatting your inventory database
• i-Tree Inventory PDA Utility
• Other inventories
• Converting Excel inventories to Access format
• STRATUM formatted spreadsheet
• Create Access table for STRATUM import
• Import Access database into STRATUM
• Define Unmatched Species Codes
• Define Inventory

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Step 1 Formatting the Inventory Database

• i-Tree PDA Utility
• Do not require formatting
• Shared database w/MCTI
• A STRATUM-compatible Access table is
  automatically produced

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• Other Inventories
• STRATUM can only run after a STRATUM-formatted MS
  Access inventory table has been imported.
• Formatting requirements
• MS Access (.mdb) table named STRATUM_Inventory
• Must have STRATUM field headings
• 17 field names order, spelling, case sensitive
• Format (i.e., numeric vs. alpha-numeric null
  value)

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Step 2 Converting Excel inventories into Access
Tables for STRATUM

• Convert data to STRATUM format
• Create metadata sheet
• Create Access database and import inventory

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Step 3 Import Access Database into STRATUM

• Launch STRATUM application
• Define inventory type (sample vs. full)
• Import STRATUM-formatted .mdb file
• Establish DBH value and Management Zones
• Select Climate Region

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Step 4 Define Unmatched Species Codes

• STRATUM Limited to known predominant species by
  climate zone
• National Tree Database Codes
• 22 species modeled per Climate Zone
• Species Value Assignments
• Tree Types
• Non-tree Species Codes
• Used for stocking reports
• Wont be counted as trees in reports
• E.g., AVPSM Available Planting Space for Medium
  tree

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Step 5 Define Inventory

• Data fields
• Default or Custom
• Units (DBH only)
• Tree Inventory by Record
• Edit existing records
• Insert new trees
• Define Sample Data
• Total number of Street Segments (Citywide or by
  Zone)
• Change numbered zones to area name

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Define City Data
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Define Cost Data
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Define Benefit Price Data
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Benefit Price Data

• Energy
• Heating and Cooling
• Air Pollution Emissions
• Transaction costs
• Wang Santini
• Carbon Dioxide
• eCO2.com
• Stormwater Runoff Reduction
• Detention/Retention
• Program Expenditures
• Sanitary Water Treatment
• Aesthetic and Other Benefits
• Median Home Sales Price

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STRATUM

• Reporting Interpretation

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Generating Interpreting Reports
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OR
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(No Transcript)
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Resource Structure Analysis 15 Basic Reports

• Maintenance Recommendation
• Maintenance Task
• Land Use
• Location
• Conflicts
• Canopy Cover
• Other
• Replacement Values

• Population Summary
• Species Distribution
• Relative Age Distribution
• Importance Values
• Condition
• Relative Performance Index (RPI)
• Stocking Level

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Benefit-Cost Analysis Reports

• Annual Benefits
• Energy
• Stormwater
• Air Quality
• Carbon Dioxide
• Aesthetic/other
• All

• Management Costs
• Net Annual Benefits

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STRATUM Reports

• Global Exports to Excel Spreadsheets
• Can interface with graphs and change them
• Manipulate data and select your own format type
• Screen Prints to PDF, Excel, Word and RTF files
• As viewed on screen - ready for reports,
  publications
• Fixed formatting on some reports

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Generating Reports
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Screen Tools for Viewing Reports
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STRUCTURAL Reports
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1. Population Summary

• Summaries or complete lists of inventoried
  species, their total numbers, numbers by Tree
  Type, numbers by default DBH size classes
• Basic understanding of species frequency
  citywide, Management Zone, and DBH size classes

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2. Species Distribution

• Species composition - 10 most prevalent species
  displayed in of total numbers.
• Understanding of species dominance in terms of
  tree numbers

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3. Relative Age Distribution

• Tree age, relative to DBH size class for 10
  prevalent species or by management zone.
• Use to determine current mgmt. Needs and how
  needs change based on total numbers and aging of
  individual species. Ideal distribution has high
  proportion of new transplants to offset
  mortality, while older trees declines with age.

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4. Importance Values

• Mean of 3 relative values ( tree numbers, leaf
  area, canopy cover) for most prevalent species.
• Suggest communitys reliance on functional
  capacity of particular species
• IV 0 no reliance
• IV 100 total reliance

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5. Condition

• Structural (woody) and functional (foliage)
  condition data for entire population and most
  prevalent species.
• Indicates how well trees are managed and relative
  performance given site-specific conditions

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6. Relative Performance Index (RPI)

• Indices based on weighted proportion of each
  street trees condition classification for all
  species.
• Value gt 1 indicates species having better
  condition ratings.
• Value lt 1 are species with below average
  condition ratings compared with other inventoried
  trees.

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7. Stocking Level

• Stocking levels and available planting sites for
  small, medium and large trees as defined in
  Unmatched Non-tree Species Codes
• Identify high priority planting areas, strategic
  plant purchasing and cost planning

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8. Maintenance Recommendation

• Provides maintenance recommendation as defined in
  the Data Tree Inventory by Data Fields dialogue
  by species or DBH size class
• Assists managers in understanding actual pruning
  and maintenance needs of the street trees
• Assists in establishing programmed pruning

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9. Maintenance Task

• Provides maintenance recommendation as defined in
  the Data Tree Inventory by Data Fields dialogue
  by species or DBH size class
• Assists managers in understanding actual pruning
  and maintenance needs of the street trees
• Assists in establishing programmed pruning

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10. Land Use

• Land use associated with each population subset
• Comparison with tree conflicts, maintenance
  recommendations and tasks for understanding
  problem planting sites for specific species

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11. Location

• Tree locations associated with each population
  subset
• Comparison with tree conflicts, conflicts,
  maintenance recommendations and tasks for
  understanding problem planting sites for specific
  species

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12. Conflicts sidewalk heave

• Sidewalk heave associated displayed by species,
  total numbers, or of numbers
• Understanding current and potential
  infrastructure related conflicts by species and
  Management Zone location

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12. Conflicts utility wire

• Overhead utility conflicts displayed by species,
  total numbers, or of numbers
• Understanding current and potential
  infrastructure related conflicts by species and
  Management Zone location

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13. Canopy Cover

• CC over city land and street areas
• Current vs. desired CC in city
• Increased CC increased benefits
• Decrease pavement costs in some climate regions

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14. Other

• 3 table formatted reports based on defined data
  fields unique to each city
• Defined as of total numbers
• Davis example Hazard Tree

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15. Replacement Value

• Estimates the full cost of replacing trees
• Based on inventoried condition
• First order estimates (by DBH class Zone)

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Benefits Costs

• Are street trees worth the investment?

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Benefit-Cost Reporting
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Energy

• Summer Savings
• kWh
• Winter Savings
• Btu

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Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

• 4 components
• Sequestered
• Avoided
• Decomposition
• Maintenance

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Air Quality

• Deposition
• O3
• NO2
• PM10
• SO2
• Avoided
• NO2
• PM10
• VOCs
• SO2
• BVOC emissions

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Stormwater Interception

• Net interception
• Initial Abstraction

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Aesthetic/Other

• Property value increase
• Aesthetics
• Social
• Psychological
• Retail sales
• Noise abatement

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All Benefits

• per tree
• Total

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Management Costs

• Annual Costs
• Internal program expenditures
• External program expenditure

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Benefit-Cost Summary

• Annual
• Benefits
• Costs
• BCR
• /capita
• /tree

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OR
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Management Considerations

• The average tree provides over 125 in annual
  benefits.
• Daviss street trees return 5 for every 1 spent
  on their management.

Can Daviss trees sustain this level of benefits?
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Management Issues

• Needs to achieve

• Adequate structural complexity
• Adequate canopy cover
• Adequate pruning maintenance

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Structural Complexity

• Goal
• Achieve adequate structural complexity focused on
  long-term benefits
• How?

• Plant species that are well adapted and
  long-lived
• Reduce over reliance on too few species
• Rejuvenation of areas where even, old-aged stands
  predominate

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Stable Canopy Cover

• Goal
• Maximize Canopy Cover to offset detrimental
  effects of hardscape
• How?

• Perpetuate current canopy cover
• Selective removal and replacement where even,
  old-aged stands predominate
• Promote additional coverage
• Fill empty spaces
• Plant large-stature trees where feasible
• Select well adapted and long-lived species

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Pruning Maintenance

• Goal
• Improve tree condition to increase benefits
  provided while reducing liability and long-term
  maintenance costs
• How?

• Improve young tree care
• Adjust pruning cycle 8 yrs to 4-5 yrs
• Target species in the poorest health

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Conclusion

• Davis has approx. 24,000 street trees.
• Citywide, the publicly managed trees produce 3.1
  million in annual benefits for a total cost of
  560,000.
• Continuing this level of benefits will take
  strategic program planning
• Adequate young tree care.
• More frequent inspection and pruning.
• Rejuvenating aging populations.
• Planting areas void of trees.

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STRATUM in Practice

• Municipal BCA
• Municipal Tree Resource Assessments/State of the
  Urban Forest
• Community Forest Management Plans
• City of Davis
• Program Advocacy
• City of N. Vancouver

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Street Tree Resource Analysis/State of the Urban
Forest Report

• Executive Summary
• The Tree Resource
• Management Costs
• Annual Benefits
• Management Implications
• Resource complexity
• Resource extent
• Maintenance needs
• Appendices

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Davis Community Forest Management Plan

• Overview
• Context Existing Conditions
• History of Tree Management
• Administration and Management
• State of the Community Forest
• Community Forest Goals, Policies, Standards and
  Actions
• Glossary
• Appendices
• http//www.cityofdavis.org/pcs/trees/cfmp.cfm

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STRATUM Street Tree Master Plans

• Provide the best SERVICE possible
• Most efficient use of resources
• Maximize net benefits of trees
• Increase customer Satisfaction
• Cornerstone of compelling case for program funding

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Level of Service Analysis

• Quantifiable measures of capacity or work
  performed
• Identify measures for each program area
• Tree planting ( full stocking)
• Young tree care (cycle)
• Large tree care (cycle)
• Hazard tree abatement ( dead or dying)
• Administration (/tree)
• Compare Current LOS with Standard and Optimal LOS

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Identify Funding Sources

• Tree planting grants
• Public awareness and volunteer training grants
• Local measures
• Assessment districts
• Parcel tax
• Other revenue sources
• Carbon dioxide emission reduction credits
• Shade tree programs for energy conservation
• Stormwater management
• Air pollution mitigation

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Advocacy