The Presidency

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The Presidency

• Chief of State, Chief Executive, Chief
  Administrator, Chief Diplomat, Commander in
  Chief, Chief Legislator, Party Chief, and Chief
  Citizen

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Chief of State

• Ceremonial head of state

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Chief Executive

• Power to enforce and create law

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Chief Administrator

• Head of federal bureaucracy

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Chief Diplomat

• Architect of foreign policy

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Commander in Chief

• Head of national armed forces

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Chief Legislator

• Architect of public policy

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Chief of Party

• Leader of his/her political parties

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Chief Citizen

• Represents public interests

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Requirements

• At least 35 years of age
• Natural born citizen
• Lived in the U.S. for at least 14 years

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Powers of the President

• Executive Order
• Appointing Power
• Removal Power
• Treaty Power
• Executive Agreement
• Recognition
• Veto Power

• Judicial Powers
• Reprieve
• Pardon
• Commutation
• Amnesty

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Executive Order

• Rules or regulations issued by the president or
  his/her office.
• Has the force of law, but cannot contradict the
  Constitution or laws passed by Congress

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Appointing Power

• Power to appoint federal officials
• Ambassadors, Judges, Cabinet officials
• Top appointments require Congressional approval
  (confirmation)

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Removal Power

• Power to remove appointed officials for any
  reason.
• Can not remove judges - impeachment

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Treaty Power

• Agreement between two heads of state president
  usually acts through the Secretary of State
• The Senate must give its approval through 2/3
  vote then treaties become part of the
  Constitution

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Executive Agreements

• A pact made by the president with the head of a
  foreign state
• Binding international agreement with the force of
  law
• Does not require consent of Senate

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Recognition

• Presidential reception of the diplomatic
  representatives of another sovereign state.
• United States accepts that country as an equal.

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Veto Power

• Power of the president to reject a law that was
  passed by Congress
• Can be overruled by Congress 2/3 vote
• Line-Item Veto power to eliminate certain parts
  of appropriation bills

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Judicial Powers

• Reprieve
• Postponement of the execution of a sentence
• Pardon
• Legal forgiveness of a crime
• Commutation
• Reduction of the length of a sentence or fine
• Amnesty
• General pardon offered to a group of law violators

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Limits on the President

• Term of Office
• Limited Power

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Term of Office

• Four-year Terms
• Limit of two terms or 10 years
• set by the 22nd Amendment
• Presidential Succession set by the 25th Amendment

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Limited Power

• Separation of Powers
• President cannot make laws, just carry them out
• Supreme Court decides if a law is Constitutional
• Checks and Balances
• Congress must approve of many actions
• Impeachment could result from improper actions
• Supreme Court can declare actions unconstitutional

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Wartime Powers

• Congress can give the president far-reaching
  powers during a war
• Rationing, control of prices and wages, ability
  to seize/control certain companies

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War Powers Resolution

• Limits the ability of the president to wage war
• Notification of Congress
• Time limit on mobilization of forces
• Power of Congress to end the conflict

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Executive Office of the President

• White House Office
• Presidents personal political staff
• National Security Council
• Advises on domestic, foreign military matters
  that affect the nations security
• Office of Management Budget
• Prepares the Federal Budget
• Office of National Drug Control Policy
• Conducts the War on Drugs
• Others Council of Economic Advisors, Office of
  Policy Development, Council on Environmental
  Quality, Office of the U.S. Trade Representative,
  Office of Science Technology and Office of
  Administration

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The Executive Departments

• They carry out the laws and run government
  programs

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Department of State

• Carries out foreign policy
• Supervises ambassadors and other U.S. diplomats
• Represents the U.S. at the United Nations

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Department of Treasury

• Collects taxes through the Internal Revenue
  Service
• Prints money and postage stamps makes coins

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Department of Defense

• Maintains the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air
  Force
• Conducts research on military weapons
• Builds and maintains military bases

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Department of Interior

• Manages national parks and other federal lands
• Protects fish, wildlife and other natural
  resources

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Department of Agriculture

• Provides assistance to farmers
• Inspects food-processing plants
• Runs the food stamp and school lunch programs
• Works to control animal and plant diseases

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Department of Justice

• Investigates and prosecutes violation of federal
  laws
• Operates federal prisons
• Runs the Federal Bureau of Investigation
• Represents the federal government in lawsuits

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Department of Commerce

• Provides assistance to American businesses
• Conducts the national census
• Issues patents and trademarks for inventions
• Maintains official weights and measures

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Department of Labor

• Enforces laws on minimum wage, job discrimination
  and working conditions
• Helps run job training and unemployment programs
• Provides statistics on changes in prices and
  levels of employment

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Department of Health and Human Resources

• Directs Medicare Program
• Runs the Food and Drug Administration
• Runs the Public Health Service
• Runs the Family Support Administration

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Department of Education

• Provides assistance to elementary, high school
  and college education programs
• Conducts research and provides statistics on
  education
• Promotes equal access to educational opportunities

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Department of Housing and Urban Development

• Helps provide housing for low-income citizens
• Assists state and local governments in financing
  community development and housing projects

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Department of Transportation

• Helps state and local governments maintain
  highways
• Enforces transportation safety standards

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Department of Energy

• Conducts research on sources of energy
• Promotes the conservation of fuel and electricity
  and directs programs to deal with possible
  shortages

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Department of Veterans Affairs

• Gives medical, educational and financial help to
  people who have served in the armed forces

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Department of Homeland Security

• Runs the Federal Emergency Management Agency
• Runs Transportation Security Administration
• Protects the President and Vice President through
  the Secret Service
• Operates the United States Coast Guard and the
  U.S. Customs Service

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How do you become President?

• Nomination
• Campaign
• Vote

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Nomination

• Candidate must secure partys nomination
• Primary elections in some states, conventions in
  others helps decide the nominee
• The national convention announces the partys
  decision

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Campaign

• Candidates travel across the nation to gather
  votes
• Candidates engage in debates with opponents to
  help the public understand their ideas

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Vote

• Presidents are chosen by the Electoral College
• Each state decides on Electors based on that
  states popular vote
• The winner of the popular vote in each state gets
  all that states Electors votes

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Electoral College

• Under the winner-take-all system, the winner of
  the popular vote may not get enough electoral
  votes to become president.
• Whats wrong with this system?
• Why should we keep the Electoral College?